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Despite significant advances in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) driven by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), this paradigm is fundamentally limited in specialized or novel domains where such supervision is prohibitively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Sikai Bai , Haoxi Li , Jie Zhang , Yongjiang Liu , Song Guo

Generating grounded and trustworthy responses remains a key challenge for large language models (LLMs). While retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) with citation-based grounding holds promise, instruction-tuned models frequently fail even in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Shang Hong Sim , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , Hai Leong Chieu , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Navonil Majumder , Soujanya Poria

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) is widely used to improve reasoning in large language models, but rewards only final-answer correctness with no supervision over intermediate steps. Rubric-based methods such as Rubrics…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong math reasoning abilities through Reinforcement Learning with *Verifiable Rewards* (RLVR), many advanced mathematical problems are proof-based, with no guaranteed way to determine…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Haotong Yang , Zitong Wang , Shijia Kang , Siqi Yang , Wenkai Yu , Xu Niu , Yike Sun , Yi Hu , Zhouchen Lin , Muhan Zhang

Recent advancements have endowed Large Language Models (LLMs) with impressive general reasoning capabilities, yet they often struggle with personalization reasoning - the crucial ability to analyze user history, infer unique preferences,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Song Jin , Juntian Zhang , Yong Liu , Xun Zhang , Yufei Zhang , Fei Jiang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Rui Yan

Language has long been conceived as an essential tool for human reasoning. The breakthrough of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant research interest in leveraging these models to tackle complex reasoning tasks. Researchers…

Recent work on reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has shown that large language models (LLMs) can be substantially improved using outcome-level verification signals, such as unit tests for code or exact-match checks for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Massimiliano Pronesti , Anya Belz , Yufang Hou

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance on complex reasoning tasks by adopting the ``think-then-answer'' paradigm, which enhances both accuracy and interpretability. However, current LRMs exhibit two critical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Xue Zhang , Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Songming Zhang , Kaiyu Huang , Yufeng Chen , Jinan Xu , Jie Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in reasoning capabilities through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). By leveraging simple rule-based rewards, RL effectively incentivizes LLMs…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Shiye Lei , Zhihao Cheng , Kai Jia , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), particularly for mathematical problem solving. However, a fundamental limitation remains: as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Wenhao Deng , Long Wei , Chenglei Yu , Tailin Wu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable problem-solving abilities, but struggle with complex tasks due to static internal knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances access to external information, yet remains limited…

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is the mainstream paradigm used to align large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Yet existing RLHF heavily relies on accurate and informative reward models, which are vulnerable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-15 Wei Shen , Xiaoying Zhang , Yuanshun Yao , Rui Zheng , Hongyi Guo , Yang Liu

Although LLMs exhibit strong reasoning capabilities, existing training methods largely depend on outcome-based feedback, which can produce correct answers with flawed reasoning. Prior work introduces supervision on intermediate steps but…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Jundong Xu , Hao Fei , Huichi Zhou , Xin Quan , Qijun Huang , Shengqiong Wu , William Yang Wang , Mong-Li Lee , Wynne Hsu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance via extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet suffer from excessive token consumption and high inference latency. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for CoT…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Tingcheng Bian , Yuzhe Zhang , Jing Jin , Jinchang Luo , MingQuan Cheng , Haiwei Wang , Wenyuan Jiang , Miaohui Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, yet they lag significantly behind humans in spatial reasoning. We investigate this gap through Transformation-Driven Visual Reasoning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Zongzhao Li , Zongyang Ma , Mingze Li , Songyou Li , Yu Rong , Tingyang Xu , Ziqi Zhang , Deli Zhao , Wenbing Huang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in surface-level text generation, their nature in handling complex multi-step reasoning tasks often remains one of ``statistical fitting'' rather than systematic logical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Lianlei Shan , Han Chen , Yixuan Wang , Zhenjie Liu , Wei Li

Function calling empowers large language models (LLMs) to interface with external tools, yet existing RL-based approaches suffer from misalignment between reasoning processes and tool-call decisions. We propose R2IF, a reasoning-aware RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Aijia Cheng , Kailong Wang , Ling Shi , Yongxin Zhao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven to be an effective post-training strategy for enhancing reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a recent prominent method that encourages models to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Jiaqi Wang , Kevin Qinghong Lin , James Cheng , Mike Zheng Shou

Reasoning is essential for large language models (LLMs), especially in complex tasks such as mathematical problem solving. However, multimodal reasoning still faces challenges in modality alignment and training scalability, as many existing…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Yahan Yu , Yuyang Dong , Masafumi Oyamada

Human reasoning is shaped by resource rationality -- optimizing performance under constraints. Recently, inference-time scaling has emerged as a powerful paradigm to improve the reasoning performance of Large Language Models by expanding…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Zhimin Hu , Riya Roshan , Sashank Varma