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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as tool-augmented agents for multi-step decision making, yet training robust tool-using agents remains challenging. Existing methods still require manual intervention, depend on…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks, yet they remain fundamentally limited by their reliance on static internal knowledge and text-only reasoning. Real-world problem solving often…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Joykirat Singh , Raghav Magazine , Yash Pandya , Akshay Nambi

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal component of large language model (LLM) post-training, and agentic RL extends this paradigm to operate as agents through multi-turn interaction and tool use. Scaling such systems exposes two…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Zheyue Tan , Mustapha Abdullahi , Tuo Shi , Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Bo Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs), when enhanced through reasoning-oriented post-training, evolve into powerful Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) further extends their capabilities by incorporating external tools,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-30 Yifan Wei , Xiaoyan Yu , Yixuan Weng , Tengfei Pan , Angsheng Li , Li Du

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities via large-scale reinforcement learning (RL). However, leveraging the RL algorithm to empower effective multi-tool collaborative reasoning in LLMs remains an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Guanting Dong , Yifei Chen , Xiaoxi Li , Jiajie Jin , Hongjin Qian , Yutao Zhu , Hangyu Mao , Guorui Zhou , Zhicheng Dou , Ji-Rong Wen

Effective interactive tool use requires agents to master Tool Integrated Reasoning (TIR): a complex process involving multi-turn planning and long-context dialogue management. To train agents for this dynamic process, particularly in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Weiting Tan , Xinghua Qu , Ming Tu , Meng Ge , Andy T. Liu , Philipp Koehn , Lu Lu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR), existing training paradigms face significant limitations: Zero-RL suffers from inefficient exploration and mode degradation due…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Weiyang Guo , Zesheng Shi , Liye Zhao , Jiayuan Ma , Zeen Zhu , Junxian He , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Supporting decision-making has long been a central vision in the field of spatio-temporal intelligence. While prior work has improved the timeliness and accuracy of spatio-temporal forecasting, converting these forecasts into actionable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Shulun Chen , Wei Shao , Flora D. Salim , Hao Xue

Agentic Reinforcement Learning (ARL) trains large language models to interleave reasoning with external tool execution to solve complex tasks. Most existing ARL methods train a single set of parameters to support both reasoning and tool-use…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yu Li , Mingyang Yi , Xiuyu Li , Ju Fan , Fuxin Jiang , Binbin Chen , Peng Li , Jie Song , Tieying Zhang

Tool-integrated reasoning (TIR) offers a direct way to extend thinking models beyond the limits of text-only reasoning. Paradoxically, we observe that tool-enabled evaluation can degrade reasoning performance even when the strong thinking…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Qianjia Cheng , Yuchen Zhang , Zhilin Wang , Yuxin Zuo , Shunkai Zhang , Yuchen Fan , Yu Qiao , Bowen Zhou , Ning Ding , Yu Cheng , Yun Luo , Ganqu Cui

The internalization of chain-of-thought processes into hidden states has emerged as a highly efficient paradigm for scaling test-time compute. However, existing activation steering methods rely on static control vectors that fail to adapt…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Zhenning Shi , Yijia Zhu , Junhan Shi , Xun Zhang , Lei Wang , Congcong Miao

Tool use represents a critical capability for AI agents, with recent advances focusing on leveraging reinforcement learning (RL) to scale up the explicit reasoning process to achieve better performance. However, there are some key…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Yirong Zeng , Xiao Ding , Yufei Liu , Yuxian Wang , Qunyao Du , Yutai Hou , Wu Ning , Haonan Song , Duyu Tang , Dandan Tu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) has significantly enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), yet current agents tend to exhibit cognitive offloading, redundantly invoking external tools even for simple tasks. In this paper,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Zhaiyu Fang , Ruipeng Sun

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a powerful approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by recent successes such as OpenAI's o1 and Deepseek-R1. However, applying RL at scale remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Siru Ouyang , Xinyu Zhu , Zilin Xiao , Minhao Jiang , Yu Meng , Jiawei Han

We study why Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) makes Large Language Models (LLMs) more capable. While LLMs integrated with tools like Python code interpreters show great promise, a principled theory explaining why this paradigm is effective…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Heng Lin , Zhongwen Xu

Recently, the emergence of agentic RL has showcased that RL could also effectively improve the agentic reasoning ability of LLMs, yet the key design principles and optimal practices remain unclear. In this work, we conduct a comprehensive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Zhaochen Yu , Ling Yang , Jiaru Zou , Shuicheng Yan , Mengdi Wang

We introduce ASTRO, the "Autoregressive Search-Taught Reasoner", a framework for training language models to reason like search algorithms, explicitly leveraging self-reflection, backtracking, and exploration in their outputs. Recently,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-02 Joongwon Kim , Anirudh Goyal , Liang Tan , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Srinivasan Iyer , Tianlu Wang

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to improve their internal reasoning ability by integrating external tools. However, models employing TIR often display suboptimal behaviors, such as insufficient or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Yifei Chen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly developed as autonomous agents using reinforcement learning (agentic RL) that reason and act in interactive environments. However, sparse and sometimes unverifiable rewards make it extremely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xiaoqian Liu , Ke Wang , Yuchuan Wu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Junge Zhang , Jianbin Jiao

Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao
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