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AI leaders and safety reports increasingly warn that advances in model reasoning may enable biological misuse, including by low-expertise users, while major labs describe safeguards as expanding but still evolving rather than settled. This…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Michael Richter

The AI era has ushered in Large Language Models (LLM) to the technological forefront, which has been much of the talk in 2023, and is likely to remain as such for many years to come. LLMs are the AI models that are the power house behind…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Anjanava Biswas , Wrick Talukdar

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in real-world applications poses unprecedented risks of generating harmful, biased, or misleading information to vulnerable populations including LGBTQ+ individuals, single parents, and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Tung Vu , Lam Nguyen , Quynh Dao

Large language models (LLMs) are being deployed across the Global South, where everyday use involves low-resource languages, code-mixing, and culturally specific norms. Yet safety pipelines, benchmarks, and alignment still largely target…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Social platforms have revolutionized information sharing, but also accelerated the dissemination of harmful and policy-violating content. To ensure safety and compliance at scale, moderation systems must go beyond efficiency and offer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Anqi Li , Wenwei Jin , Jintao Tong , Pengda Qin , Weijia Li , Guo Lu

Backdoor data poisoning, inserted within instruction examples used to fine-tune a foundation Large Language Model (LLM) for downstream tasks (\textit{e.g.,} sentiment prediction), is a serious security concern due to the evasive nature of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-23 Jayaram Raghuram , George Kesidis , David J. Miller

Deploying guardrails for custom policies remains challenging, as generic safety models fail to capture task-specific requirements, while prompting LLMs suffers from inconsistent boundary-case performance and high inference costs. Training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Arnon Mazza , Elad Levi

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) have acquired the ability to handle longer context lengths and understand nuances in text, expanding their dialogue capabilities beyond a single utterance. A popular user-facing application of LLMs is the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Terry Tong , Jiashu Xu , Qin Liu , Muhao Chen

Safety classifiers are critical in mitigating toxicity on online forums such as social media and in chatbots. Still, they continue to be vulnerable to emergent, and often innumerable, adversarial attacks. Traditional automated adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-26 Yash Kumar Lal , Preethi Lahoti , Aradhana Sinha , Yao Qin , Ananth Balashankar

Mental manipulation, a significant form of abuse in interpersonal conversations, presents a challenge to identify due to its context-dependent and often subtle nature. The detection of manipulative language is essential for protecting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Yuxin Wang , Ivory Yang , Saeed Hassanpour , Soroush Vosoughi

Red-teaming has been a widely adopted way to evaluate the harmfulness of Large Language Models (LLMs). It aims to jailbreak a model's safety behavior to make it act as a helpful agent disregarding the harmfulness of the query. Existing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-14 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

While large neural-based conversational models have become increasingly proficient dialogue agents, recent work has highlighted safety issues with these systems. For example, these systems can be goaded into generating toxic content, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Nicholas Meade , Spandana Gella , Devamanyu Hazarika , Prakhar Gupta , Di Jin , Siva Reddy , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong reasoning and perception capabilities but are increasingly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While existing work focuses on explicit attacks, where malicious content resides in a single…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Xu Zhang , Hao Li , Zhichao Lu

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable capabilities across various tasks in different domains. However, the emergence of biases and the potential for generating harmful content in LLMs, particularly…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Zhuowen Yuan , Zidi Xiong , Yi Zeng , Ning Yu , Ruoxi Jia , Dawn Song , Bo Li

Alignment tuning has enabled large language models to excel in reasoning, instruction-following, and minimizing harmful generations. However, despite their widespread deployment, these models exhibit a monolingual bias, raising concerns…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Nikhil Verma , Manasa Bharadwaj

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, but ensuring their safety and alignment with human values remains crucial. Current safety alignment methods, such as supervised fine-tuning and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Bilgehan Sel , Dingcheng Li , Phillip Wallis , Vaishakh Keshava , Ming Jin , Siddhartha Reddy Jonnalagadda

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), new and hard-to-predict harmful capabilities are emerging. This requires developers to be able to identify risks through the evaluation of "dangerous capabilities" in order to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Yuxia Wang , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

As machine learning systems grow in scale, so do their training data requirements, forcing practitioners to automate and outsource the curation of training data in order to achieve state-of-the-art performance. The absence of trustworthy…

Language model deployments in consumer-facing applications introduce numerous risks. While existing research on harms and hazards of such applications follows top-down approaches derived from regulatory frameworks and theoretical analyses,…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Pierre Le Jeune , Jiaen Liu , Luca Rossi , Matteo Dora
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