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Scaling depth is a key driver for large language models (LLMs). Yet, as LLMs become deeper, they often suffer from signal degradation: informative features formed in shallow layers are gradually diluted by repeated residual updates, making…

Distilling pretrained softmax attention Transformers into more efficient hybrid architectures that interleave softmax and linear attention layers is a promising approach for improving the inference efficiency of LLMs without requiring…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Yanhong Li , Songlin Yang , Shawn Tan , Mayank Mishra , Rameswar Panda , Jiawei Zhou , Yoon Kim

Federated fine-tuning of pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) enables task-specific adaptation across diverse datasets while preserving privacy. However, challenges such as high computational and memory demands, heterogeneous client…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Yang Su , Na Yan , Yansha Deng , Mischa Dohler , Robert Schober

Multimodal large reasoning models (MLRMs) often suffer from hallucinations that stem not only from insufficient visual grounding but also from imbalanced allocation between perception and reasoning processes. Building upon recent…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Haolang Lu , Bolun Chu , WeiYe Fu , Guoshun Nan , Junning Liu , Minghui Pan , Qiankun Li , Yi Yu , Hua Wang , Kun Wang

Serving long-context LLMs is costly because attention computation grows linearly with context length. Dynamic sparse attention algorithms (DSAs) mitigate this by attending only to the key-value (KV) cache of critical tokens. However, with…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Qihui Zhou , Peiqi Yin , Pengfei Zuo , James Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on single-turn tasks, yet their effectiveness deteriorates in multi-turn conversations. We define this phenomenon as cumulative contextual decay - a progressive degradation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Wanyang Hong , Zhaoning Zhang , Yi Chen , Libo Zhang , Baihui Liu , Linbo Qiao , Zhiliang Tian , Dongsheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable reasoning capabilities through transformer architectures with attention mechanisms. However, transformers suffer from quadratic time and memory complexity in the attention module (MHA) and…

Large language models (LLMs) excel in most NLP tasks but also require expensive cloud servers for deployment due to their size, while smaller models that can be deployed on lower cost (e.g., edge) devices, tend to lag behind in terms of…

We present Prompt Cache, an approach for accelerating inference for large language models (LLM) by reusing attention states across different LLM prompts. Many input prompts have overlapping text segments, such as system messages, prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-26 In Gim , Guojun Chen , Seung-seob Lee , Nikhil Sarda , Anurag Khandelwal , Lin Zhong

Large language models (LLMs) excel at capturing global token dependencies via self-attention but face prohibitive compute and memory costs on lengthy inputs. While sub-quadratic methods (e.g., linear attention) can reduce these costs, they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Yeonju Ro , Zhenyu Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Zhangyang Wang , Aditya Akella

The Transformer architecture, underpinned by the Multi-Head Attention (MHA) mechanism, has become the de facto standard for state-of-the-art models in artificial intelligence. However, the quadratic computational complexity of MHA with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Adam Filipek

Many advanced Large Language Model (LLM) applications require long-context processing, but the self-attention module becomes a bottleneck during the prefilling stage of inference due to its quadratic time complexity with respect to sequence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Xiaodong Ji , Hailin Zhang , Fangcheng Fu , Bin Cui

While large language models (LLMs) excel at understanding and generating plain text, they are not tailored to handle hierarchical text structures or directly predict task-specific properties such as text rating. In fact, selectively and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Chenxi Lin , Jiayu Ren , Guoxiu He , Zhuoren Jiang , Haiyan Yu , Xiaomin Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in scenarios demanding ultra-long context reasoning, such as agentic workflows and deep research understanding. However, long-context inference is constrained by the KV cache, a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Jianlong Lei , Shashikant Ilager

LLMs encounter significant challenges in resource consumption nowadays, especially with long contexts. Despite extensive efforts dedicate to enhancing inference efficiency, these methods primarily exploit internal sparsity within the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Yi Zhao , Zuchao Li , Hai Zhao

Attention-based models have been widely used in many areas, such as computer vision and natural language processing. However, relevant applications in time series classification (TSC) have not been explored deeply yet, causing a significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-18 Bowen Zhao , Huanlai Xing , Xinhan Wang , Fuhong Song , Zhiwen Xiao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are distinguished by their multimodal comprehensive ability and widely used in many real-world applications including GPT-4o, autonomous driving and robotics. Despite their impressive performance,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Zhenyu Ning , Jieru Zhao , Qihao Jin , Wenchao Ding , Minyi Guo

While Transformer self-attention offers strong parallelism, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with sequence length and becomes a bottleneck for inference efficiency. Multi-head latent attention was recently developed to compress the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Keqi Deng , Philip C. Woodland

Sparse attention improves LLM inference efficiency by selecting a subset of key-value entries, but at the cost of potential accuracy degradation. In particular, omitting critical KV entries can induce substantial errors in model outputs.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Mohsen Dehghankar , Abolfazl Asudeh

The quadratic computational complexity of self-attention remains a fundamental bottleneck for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) to long contexts, particularly during the pre-filling phase. In this paper, we rethink the causal attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Lin Niu , Xin Luo , Linchuan Xie , Yifu Sun , Guanghua Yu , Jianchen Zhu , S Kevin Zhou