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This paper introduces AnomaLLMy, a novel technique for the automatic detection of anomalous tokens in black-box Large Language Models (LLMs) with API-only access. Utilizing low-confidence single-token predictions as a cost-effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-01 Waligóra Witold

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or

Prominent Large Language Model (LLM) services from providers like OpenAI and Google excel at general tasks but often underperform on domain-specific applications. Current customization services for these LLMs typically require users to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Zhaomin Wu , Jizhou Guo , Junyi Hou , Bingsheng He , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Fine-tuning has emerged as a critical process in leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for specific downstream tasks, enabling these models to achieve state-of-the-art performance across various domains. However, the fine-tuning process…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Hao Du , Shang Liu , Lele Zheng , Yang Cao , Atsuyoshi Nakamura , Lei Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved tremendous success in various applications, they are also susceptible to jailbreaking attacks. Several primary defense strategies have been proposed to protect LLMs from producing harmful…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Yichuan Mo , Yuji Wang , Zeming Wei , Yisen Wang

We present OnPrem$.$LLM, a Python-based toolkit for applying large language models (LLMs) to sensitive, non-public data in offline or restricted environments. The system is designed for privacy-preserving use cases and provides prebuilt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Arun S. Maiya

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Hang Zhang , Qian Lou , Yanshan Wang

AI agents, powered by large language models (LLMs), have transformed human-computer interactions by enabling seamless, natural, and context-aware communication. While these advancements offer immense utility, they also inherit and amplify…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Xuying Li , Zhuo Li , Yuji Kosuga , Yasuhiro Yoshida , Victor Bian

Current LLM-based frameworks for text anonymization usually rely on remote API services from powerful LLMs, which creates an inherent privacy paradox: users must disclose the raw data to untrusted third parties for guaranteed privacy…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Donghang Duan , Xu Zheng , Yuefeng He , Chong Mu , Leyi Cai , Lizong Zhang

The integration of large language models with external content has enabled applications such as Microsoft Copilot but also introduced vulnerabilities to indirect prompt injection attacks. In these attacks, malicious instructions embedded…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Jingwei Yi , Yueqi Xie , Bin Zhu , Emre Kiciman , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie , Fangzhao Wu

While vision and multimodal foundation models underpin critical tasks from perception to complex reasoning, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, traditional adversarial attacks are typically limited to single,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Ye Sun , Xin Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Yixu Wang , Yifan Ding , Qixian Zhang , Henghui Ding , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Using AI to create autonomous researchers has the potential to accelerate scientific discovery. A prerequisite for this vision is understanding how well an AI model can identify the underlying structure of a black-box system from its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Jiayi Geng , Howard Chen , Dilip Arumugam , Thomas L. Griffiths

The generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) use billions of parameters to extensively analyse large datasets and extract critical private information such as, context, specific details,…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in interactive and retrieval-augmented settings, raising significant privacy concerns. While attacks such as Membership Inference (MIA), Attribute Inference (AIA), Data Extraction…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Karima Makhlouf , Lamiaa Basyoni , Syed Khaderi , Gabriel Marquez , Peter Sotomango , Mahmoud Awawdah , Sami Zhioua

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by OpenAI's ChatGPT, brings to the forefront the imperative to defend against adversarial threats on these models. These attacks, which manipulate an LLM's output by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Amelia Kawasaki , Andrew Davis , Houssam Abbas

The rapid development of language models (LMs) brings unprecedented accessibility and usage for both models and users. On the one hand, powerful LMs achieve state-of-the-art performance over numerous downstream NLP tasks. On the other hand,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-04 Haoran Li , Dadi Guo , Donghao Li , Wei Fan , Qi Hu , Xin Liu , Chunkit Chan , Duanyi Yao , Yuan Yao , Yangqiu Song

The rapid deployment of large language models (LLMs) in consumer applications has led to frequent exchanges of personal information. To obtain useful responses, users often share more than necessary, increasing privacy risks via…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Jijie Zhou , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Tianshi Li

With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents exhibit exceptional abilities in understanding and generating natural language, enabling human-like collaboration and information transmission in LLM-based…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Hailong Yang , Renhuo Zhao , Guanjin Wang , Zhaohong Deng

End users face a choice between privacy and efficiency in current Large Language Model (LLM) service paradigms. In cloud-based paradigms, users are forced to compromise data locality for generation quality and processing speed. Conversely,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-11-27 Yiming Wang , Yu Lin , Xiaodong Zeng , Guannan Zhang

This paper addresses the privacy and security concerns associated with deep neural language models, which serve as crucial components in various modern AI-based applications. These models are often used after being pre-trained and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-01 Abhijit Mishra , Mingda Li , Soham Deo