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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance, but their long-context reasoning remains constrained by the excessive memory required for the Key-Value (KV) cache. This makes KV cache compression a critical step…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xianglong Yan , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Haotong Qin , Linghe Kong , Yulun Zhang , Xiaokang Yang

As large language models (LLMs) continue to evolve, efficient evaluation metrics are vital for assessing their ability to compress information and reduce redundancy. While traditional metrics like Matrix Entropy offer valuable insights,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Yahan Li , Tingyu Xia , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Key-Value (KV) cache plays a crucial role in accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs) by storing intermediate attention states and avoiding redundant computation during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuzhen Mao , Qitong Wang , Martin Ester , Ke Li

In-context learning enables language models (LM) to adapt to downstream data or tasks by incorporating few samples as demonstrations within the prompts. It offers strong performance without the expense of fine-tuning. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

The increasing memory demand of the Key-Value (KV) cache poses a significant bottleneck for Large Language Models (LLMs) in long-context applications. Existing low-rank KV compression methods reduce this footprint by modifying model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Shiyu Ji , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Key-Value (KV) Caching has become an essential technique for accelerating the inference speed and throughput of generative Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, the memory footprint of the KV cache poses a critical bottleneck in LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-29 June Yong Yang , Byeongwook Kim , Jeongin Bae , Beomseok Kwon , Gunho Park , Eunho Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive potential in various practical applications. However, long context inference poses a significant challenge due to the enormous memory requirements of the key-value (KV)…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Bo Jiang , Taolue Yang , Youyuan Liu , Chengming Zhang , Xubin He , Sian Jin

Long-context language modeling is increasingly constrained by the Key-Value (KV) cache, whose memory and decode-time access costs scale linearly with the prefix length. This bottleneck has motivated a range of context-compression methods,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yoav Gelberg , Yam Eitan , Michael Bronstein , Yarin Gal , Haggai Maron

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

Key-Value (KV) cache quantization has become a widely adopted optimization technique for efficient large language models (LLMs) inference by reducing KV cache memory usage and mitigating memory-bound constraints. Recent studies have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Zunhai Su , Kehong Yuan

Large pre-trained models (LMs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically effective at capturing language semantics and contextual relationships. However, these models encounter challenges in maintaining optimal performance on tasks…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Gyanendra Shrestha , Anna Pyayt , Michael Gubanov

Long-context Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demand substantial computational resources for inference as the growth of their multimodal Key-Value (KV) cache, in response to increasing input lengths, challenges memory and time…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Zhongwei Wan , Ziang Wu , Che Liu , Jinfa Huang , Zhihong Zhu , Peng Jin , Longyue Wang , Li Yuan

Trained on massive cross-species DNA corpora, DNA large language models (LLMs) learn the fundamental "grammar" and evolutionary patterns of genomic sequences. This makes them powerful priors for DNA sequence modeling, particularly over long…

基因组学 · 定量生物学 2025-11-19 Rui Zhu , Xiaopu Zhou , Haixu Tang , Stephen W. Scherer , Lucila Ohno-Machado

In this work, we establish a novel theoretical connection between supervised fine-tuning and offline reinforcement learning under the token-level Markov decision process, revealing that large language models indeed learn an implicit…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Junjie Zhang , Rushuai Yang , Shunyu Liu , Ting-En Lin , Fei Huang , Yi Chen , Yongbin Li , Dacheng Tao

Long-context inference in Large Language Models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache memory. Existing KV cache compression paradigms are fundamentally limited by heuristics: heuristic budgeting relies on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Enshuai Zhou , Yifan Hao , Chao Wang , Rui Zhang , Di Huang , Jiaming Guo , Xing Hu , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

The Key-Value (KV) cache in generative large language models (LLMs) introduces substantial memory overhead. Existing works mitigate this burden by offloading or compressing the KV cache. However, loading the entire cache incurs significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Dingyu Yao , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang , Weiping Wang

Incremental improvements in accuracy of Convolutional Neural Networks are usually achieved through use of deeper and more complex models trained on larger datasets. However, enlarging dataset and models increases the computation and storage…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2018-07-24 Mahdi Hajibabaei , Dengxin Dai

Despite the significant success of large language models (LLMs), their extensive memory requirements pose challenges for deploying them in long-context token generation. The substantial memory footprint of LLM decoders arises from the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Vahab Mirrokni , Amin Karbasi

Memory and computation remain core bottlenecks in long-horizon LLM inference due to the quadratic cost of self-attention and the ever-growing key-value (KV) cache. Existing strategies for memory-bounded inference, such as quantization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ngoc Bui , Shubham Sharma , Simran Lamba , Saumitra Mishra , Rex Ying

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han