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As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to support context windows exceeding one million tokens, the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes severe memory capacity and bandwidth bottlenecks, constraining the efficiency of long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Zhirui Chen , Peiyang Liu , Ling Shao

The quadratic complexity of the attention module makes it gradually become the bulk of compute in Transformer-based LLMs during generation. Moreover, the excessive key-value cache that arises when dealing with long inputs also brings severe…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Siyu Ren , Qi Jia , Kenny Q. Zhu

The growing memory footprint of the Key-Value (KV) cache poses a severe scalability bottleneck for long-context Large Language Model (LLM) inference. While KV cache eviction has emerged as an effective solution by discarding less critical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Jinhan Chen , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Xianjun Gao , Shilong Wang

While Key-Value (KV) cache compression is essential for efficient LLM inference, current evaluations disproportionately focus on sparse retrieval tasks, potentially masking the degradation of High-Density Reasoning where Chain-of-Thought…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Xiang Liu , Zhenheng Tang , Hong Chen , Peijie Dong , Zeyu Li , Xiuze Zhou , Bo Li , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caches for efficient autoregressive decoding; however, cache size grows linearly with context length and model depth, becoming a major bottleneck in long-context inference. Prior KV cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Dmitry Akulov , Mohamed Sana , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed

Long-context LLM agents often struggle with growing token, memory, and latency costs, making efficient context compression essential for practical deployment. Existing LLM-as-a-compressor methods remain noticeably inferior to using the full…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Jiangnan Ye , Hanqi Yan , Zhenyi Shen , Heng Chang , Ye Mao , Yulan He

As context windows in LLMs scale to 100K+ tokens, the key-value (KV) cache becomes the dominant memory bottleneck, with recent methods claiming 80-90% savings and minimal benchmark degradation. We argue these evaluations miss a structural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Samhruth Ananthanarayanan , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multi-turn conversational applications, where the management of the Key-Value (KV) Cache presents a significant bottleneck. The linear growth of the KV Cache with dialogue history…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Xiang Liu , Hong Chen , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Autoregressive Transformers rely on Key-Value (KV) caching to accelerate inference. However, the linear growth of the KV cache with context length leads to excessive memory consumption and bandwidth constraints. This bottleneck is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Ravi Ghadia , Avinash Kumar , Gaurav Jain , Prashant Nair , Poulami Das

Effective token compression remains a critical challenge for scaling models to handle increasingly complex and diverse datasets. A novel mechanism based on contextual reinforcement is introduced, dynamically adjusting token importance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Naderdel Piero , Zacharias Cromwell , Nathaniel Wainwright , Matthias Nethercott

The rapid expansion of context window sizes in Large Language Models~(LLMs) has enabled them to tackle increasingly complex tasks involving lengthy documents. However, this progress comes at the cost of a substantial increase in memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Yuxun Miao , Su Zhu , Zhi Chen , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Shuai Fan , Lei Pan , Kai Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) require significant GPU memory when processing long texts, with the key value (KV) cache consuming up to 70\% of total memory during inference. Although existing compression methods reduce memory by evaluating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Xiang Liu , Zhenheng Tang , Peijie Dong , Zeyu Li , Yue Liu , Bo Li , Xuming Hu , Xiaowen Chu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have made remarkable strides, largely driven by their ability to process increasingly long and complex contexts, such as high-resolution images, extended video sequences, and lengthy audio input.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Kejia Zhang , Sicheng Feng , Mu Cai , Yuzhang Shang , Haoxuan You , Can Qin , Yang Sui , Huan Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae

Withtherapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the context length for inference has been continuously increasing, leading to an exponential growth in the demand for Key-Value (KV) caching. This has resulted in a significant…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-11 Yanyu Liu , Jingying Fu , Sixiang Liu , Yitian Zou , You Fu , Jiehan Zhou , Shouhua Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) use key-value (KV) cache to reduce redundant computation in autoregressive generation. However, the KV cache size increases linearly during generation, leading to excessive memory usage, especially for long…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Jian Yuan , Ziwei He , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

Distributed prefix caching accelerates long-context LLM serving by reusing KV cache entries for common context prefixes. However, KV cache fetches can become a bottleneck when network bandwidth is limited. Compression mitigates the…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Xingyu Xiang , Raj Joshi , Yuhan Liu , Jiayi Yao , Chenxingyu Zhao , Junchen Jiang , Yang Zhou , Eddie Kohler , Minlan Yu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, the memory footprint of key-value (KV) caches during inference has become a significant bottleneck. Existing approaches primarily focus on compressing KV caches within a single prompt or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Xinye Zhao , Spyridon Mastorakis

The key-value (KV) cache is a foundational optimization in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), eliminating redundant recomputation of past token representations during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yichun Xu , Navjot K. Khaira , Tejinder Singh

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the demand for higher quality and faster processing of long contexts across various applications is growing. KV cache is widely adopted as it stores previously generated key and value…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Yingxin Li , Ye Li , Yuan Meng , Xinzhu Ma , Zihan Geng , Shutao Xia , Zhi Wang
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