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Autoregressive language models generate text one token at a time, yet natural language is inherently structured in multi-token units, including phrases, n-grams, and collocations that carry meaning jointly. This one-token bottleneck limits…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Shaobin Zhuang , Yuang Ai , Jiaming Han , Xiaohui Li , Huaibo Huang , Xiangyu Yue , Xuefeng Hu , Kun Xu , Yali Wang , Hao Chen

Scientific Large Language Models (Sci-LLMs) have emerged as a promising frontier for accelerating biological discovery. However, these models face a fundamental challenge when processing raw biomolecular sequences: the tokenization dilemma.…

Large Language Models achieve next-token prediction by transporting a vectorized piece of text (prompt) across an accompanying embedding space under the action of successive transformer layers. The resulting high-dimensional trajectories…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Raphaël Sarfati , Toni J. B. Liu , Nicolas Boullé , Christopher J. Earls

Large language models (LLMs) trained with canonical tokenization exhibit surprising robustness to non-canonical inputs such as character-level tokenization, yet the mechanisms underlying this robustness remain unclear. We study this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Zhipeng Yang , Shu Yang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but they still frequently produce hallucinations. These hallucinations are difficult to detect in reasoning-intensive tasks, where the content appears coherent but…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Rui Min , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Minhao Cheng , Yi R. Fung

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) deliver strong long-context processing capability in a non-autoregressive decoding paradigm. However, the considerable computational cost of bidirectional full attention limits the inference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Lingkun Long , Yushi Huang , Shihao Bai , Ruihao Gong , Jun Zhang , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

In large language models (LLMs), each block operates on the residual stream to map input token sequences to output token distributions. However, most of the interpretability literature focuses on internal latent representations, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Riccardo Ali , Francesco Caso , Christopher Irwin , Pietro Liò

Estimating uncertainty in Large Language Models (LLMs) is important for properly evaluating LLMs, and ensuring safety for users. However, prior approaches to uncertainty estimation focus on the final answer in generated text, ignoring…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-12 Eric Bigelow , Ari Holtzman , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer Ullman

Recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has highlighted the challenge of efficiently bridging pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with Diffusion Models. While methods using a fixed number of learnable query tokens…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Jian Yang , Dacheng Yin , Xiaoxuan He , Yong Li , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Wei Zhai , Yang Cao , Zheng-Jun Zha

Identifying wireless modulation schemes is essential for cognitive radio, but standard supervised models often degrade under distribution shift, and training domain-specific wireless foundation models from scratch is computationally…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Mohammad Rostami , Atik Faysal , Reihaneh Gh. Roshan , Huaxia Wang , Nikhil Muralidhar , Yu-Dong Yao

Recent works have demonstrated success in controlling sentence attributes ($e.g.$, sentiment) and structure ($e.g.$, syntactic structure) based on the diffusion language model. A key component that drives theimpressive performance for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Shujian Zhang , Lemeng Wu , Chengyue Gong , Xingchao Liu

Pretrained language models (LLMs) are often constrained by their fixed tokenization schemes, leading to inefficiencies and performance limitations, particularly for multilingual or specialized applications. This tokenizer lock-in presents…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Shaurya Sharthak , Vinayak Pahalwan , Adithya Kamath , Adarsh Shirawalmath

Long-context inference for Large Language Models (LLMs) is heavily limited by high computational demands. While several existing methods optimize attention computation, they still process the full set of hidden states at each layer,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Lingkun Long , Rubing Yang , Yushi Huang , Desheng Hui , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths in various tasks, motivating the research of LLM ensembling. However, existing work focuses on training an extra reward model or fusion model to select or combine all candidate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Yichong Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Baohang Li , Yang Xiang , Hui Wang , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional code generation capabilities, yet their token-level mechanisms remain underexplored, particularly in compressed models. Through systematic analysis of programming language token…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Viacheslav Siniaev , Iaroslav Chelombitko , Aleksey Komissarov

Humans ponder before articulating complex sentence elements, enabling deeper cognitive processing through focused effort. In this work, we introduce this pondering process into language models by repeatedly invoking the forward process…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Boyi Zeng , Shixiang Song , Siyuan Huang , Yixuan Wang , He Li , Ziwei He , Xinbing Wang , Zhiyu Li , Zhouhan Lin

We propose WHISPER-GPT: A generative large language model (LLM) for speech and music that allows us to work with continuous audio representations and discrete tokens simultaneously as part of a single architecture. There has been a huge…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-12-20 Prateek Verma

Tokenization is a crucial step in processing protein sequences for machine learning models, as proteins are complex sequences of amino acids that require meaningful segmentation to capture their functional and structural properties.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Burak Suyunu , Enes Taylan , Arzucan Özgür

Tokenization is used almost universally by modern language models, enabling efficient text representation using multi-byte or multi-character tokens. However, prior work has shown that tokenization can introduce distortion into the model's…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Jonathan Hayase , Alisa Liu , Noah A. Smith , Sewoong Oh

Denoising language models (DLMs) have been proposed as a powerful alternative to traditional language models (LMs) for automatic speech recognition (ASR), motivated by their ability to use bidirectional context and adapt to a specific ASR…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Dorian Koch , Albert Zeyer , Nick Rossenbach , Ralf Schlüter , Hermann Ney