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Reinforcement learning is used to align language models with human preference signals after first pre-training the model to predict the next token of text within a large corpus using likelihood maximization. Before being deployed in a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-30 Alec Solway

Offline reinforcement learning has become one of the most practical RL settings. However, most existing works on offline RL focus on the standard setting with scalar reward feedback. It remains unknown how to universally transfer the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Yinglun Xu , David Zhu , Rohan Gumaste , Gagandeep Singh

Reinforcement Learning frameworks, particularly those utilizing human annotations, have become an increasingly popular method for preference fine-tuning, where the outputs of a language model are tuned to match a certain set of behavioral…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Archie Chaudhury

The field of preference optimization has made outstanding contributions to the alignment of language models with human preferences. Despite these advancements, recent methods still rely heavily on substantial paired (labeled) feedback data,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Seonggyun Lee , Sungjun Lim , Seojin Park , Soeun Cheon , Kyungwoo Song

On-policy distillation (OPD), which aligns the student with the teacher's logit distribution on student-generated trajectories, has demonstrated strong empirical gains in improving student performance and often outperforms off-policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Wenkai Yang , Weijie Liu , Ruobing Xie , Kai Yang , Saiyong Yang , Yankai Lin

Reinforcement learning (RL) requires access to a reward function that incentivizes the right behavior, but these are notoriously hard to specify for complex tasks. Preference-based RL provides an alternative: learning policies using a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-05 Kimin Lee , Laura Smith , Anca Dragan , Pieter Abbeel

Distilling the tool-using capabilities of large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient small language models (SLMs) is a key challenge for their practical application. The predominant approach, supervised fine-tuning (SFT),…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 ChangSu Choi , Hoyun Song , Dongyeon Kim , WooHyeon Jung , Minkyung Cho , Sunjin Park , NohHyeob Bae , Seona Yu , KyungTae Lim

Preference-based reinforcement learning (PbRL) is an approach that enables RL agents to learn from preference, which is particularly useful when formulating a reward function is challenging. Existing PbRL methods generally involve a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Gaon An , Junhyeok Lee , Xingdong Zuo , Norio Kosaka , Kyung-Min Kim , Hyun Oh Song

On-policy self-distillation has become a strong recipe for LLM reasoning, where a privileged teacher supervises the student's own rollouts while conditioning on the reference solution. A design choice shared by nearly all such methods,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Zihao Han , Tiangang Zhang , Huaibin Wang , Yilun Sun

Pretrained foundation models have exhibited extraordinary in-context learning performance, allowing zero-shot generalization to new tasks not encountered during pretraining. In the case of reinforcement learning (RL), in-context RL (ICRL)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Weiqin Chen , Santiago Paternain

Learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) data is an important problem in various applications. Most of the recent approaches for PU classification assume that the class-prior (the ratio of positive samples) in the training unlabeled…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-12-16 Shota Nakajima , Masashi Sugiyama

Continual Reinforcement Learning (CRL) aims to develop lifelong learning agents to continuously acquire knowledge across diverse tasks while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. This requires efficiently managing the stability-plasticity…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Yuxuan Li , Qijun He , Mingqi Yuan , Wen-Tse Chen , Jeff Schneider , Jiayu Chen

Learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning) is actively researched machine learning task. The goal is to train a binary classification model based on a training dataset containing part of positives which are labeled, and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-12-29 Wojciech Rejchel , Paweł Teisseyre , Jan Mielniczuk

In recent years, significant progress has been made in multi-objective reinforcement learning (RL) research, which aims to balance multiple objectives by incorporating preferences for each objective. In most existing studies, specific…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Qian Lin , Zongkai Liu , Danying Mo , Chao Yu

Although diffusion models have achieved strong results in decision-making tasks, their slow inference speed remains a key limitation. While consistency models offer a potential solution, existing applications to decision-making either…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Xintong Duan , Yutong He , Fahim Tajwar , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter , Jeff Schneider

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) suffers from sparse outcome signals, creating severe exploration bottlenecks on complex reasoning tasks. Recent on-policy self-distillation methods attempt to address this by utilizing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Yang Li , Erik Nijkamp , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) have recently achieved remarkable multimodal understanding, but their massive size makes them impractical for deployment on mobile or edge devices. This raises the need for compact yet capable VLMs…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Byung-Kwan Lee , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang , Ryo Hachiuma

Aligning generative diffusion models with human preferences via reinforcement learning (RL) is critical yet challenging. Most existing algorithms are often vulnerable to reward hacking, such as quality degradation, over-stylization, or…

Programmatic reinforcement learning (PRL) offers an interpretable alternative to deep reinforcement learning by representing policies as human-readable and -editable programs. While gradient-based methods have been developed to optimize…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Chengpeng Hu , Yingqian Zhang , Hendrik Baier

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the capabilities of artificial intelligence across various domains. However, their massive scale and high computational costs render them unsuitable for direct…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Miao Rang , Zhenni Bi , Hang Zhou , Hanting Chen , An Xiao , Tianyu Guo , Kai Han , Xinghao Chen , Yunhe Wang