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In this report, we look at the fundamental physics of triboelectricity, charge transfer due to contact and sliding. While much of the report focuses upon recent advances such as the incorporation of flexoelectric contributions, we also…

The mechanisms underlying triboelectric charging have a stochastic nature. We investigate how this randomness affects the distributions of charges generated on granular particles during either a single or many collisions. The charge…

Friction-driven static electrification is familiar and fundamental in daily life, industry, and technology, but its basics have long been unknown and have continually perplexed scientists from ancient Greece to the modern high-tech era.…

Triboelectricity has been known since antiquity, but the fundamental physics underlying this phenomenon lacks consensus. We present a flexoelectric model for triboelectricity where contact deformation induced band bending is the driving…

Contact electrification, or contact charging, refers to the process of static charge accumulation after rubbing, or even simple touching, of two materials. Despite its relevance in static electricity, various natural phenomena, and numerous…

Equal volume mixtures of small and large polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) spheres are shaken in an atmosphere of controlled humidity which allows to also control their tribo-charging. We find that the contact numbers are charge-dependent: as…

Electrification by rubbing different materials is a well known phenomenon with a history that begun more than five centuries BC. However, simple experiments can lead to contradictory or inconsistent results and the history of this phenomena…

The triboelectric effect, charge transfer during sliding, is well established but the thermodynamic driver is not well understood. We hypothesize here that flexoelectric potential differences induced by inhomogeneous strains at nanoscale…

Triboelectricity, when rubbing or contacting materials causes electric charge transfer, is ubiquitous across many fields, and has been studied in detail for centuries. Despite this, a complete description of triboelectricity remains…

Despite extensive study and the practical significance of friction-driven static electricity, a quantitative triboelectric charge transfer theory has yet to be established. Here, we elucidate the detailed dynamics of triboelectric charge…

Observations of flowing granular matter have suggested that same-material tribocharging de- pends on particle size, rendering large grains positive and small ones negative. Models assuming the transfer of trapped electrons can explain this,…

Triboelectric charging strongly affects the operation cycle and handling of materials and can be used to harvest mechanical energy through triboelectric nanogenerator set-up. Despite ubiquity of triboelectric effects, a lot of mechanisms…

Here, we study the old problem of why identical insulators can charge one another on contact. We perform several experiments showing that, if driven by a preexisting electric field, charge is transferred between contacting insulators. This…

If polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon, is put into contact and rubbed against another material, almost surely it will be more effective than its counterpart in collecting negative charges. This simple, basic property…

The cause of electron transfer in contact electrification is one of the most hotly debated physical problems today. In this study, the electron transfer is hypothesized to be partly driven by the surface dipole induced potential during…

Electrical charges generation occurring during contact and friction of insulating materials has been identified for a long time. However the contribution of these electrical charges to the friction behaviour is usually neglected in the…

Contact charging between insulators is one of the most basic, yet least well understood, of physical processes. For example we have no clear theory for how insulators recruit enough charge carriers to deposit charge but not enough to…

Triboelectric charging of granular materials against container walls is a critical yet poorly understood phenomenon affecting many industrial powder handling processes. Charge accumulation can cause material flow disruptions, adhesion…

A theory is developed to describe the coupled transport of energy and charge in networks of electron donor-acceptor sites which are seated in a thermally heterogeneous environment, where the transfer kinetics are dominated by Marcus-type…

In networked systems, the interplay between the dynamics of individual subsystems and their network interactions has been found to generate multistability in various contexts. Despite its ubiquity, the specific mechanisms and ingredients…