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In most practical settings and theoretical analyses, one assumes that a model can be trained until convergence. However, the growing complexity of machine learning datasets and models may violate such assumptions. Indeed, current approaches…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2020-07-01 Mengtian Li , Ersin Yumer , Deva Ramanan

Scaling test-time compute via extended reasoning has become a key paradigm for improving the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches optimize reasoning under fixed or uniformly sampled token budgets,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Amirul Rahman , Aisha Karim , Kenji Nakamura , Yi-Fan Ng

Large language models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) have introduced a new paradigm for web search. However, the limited context awareness of LLMs degrades their performance on RAG tasks. Existing methods to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Tao Tan , Yining Qian , Ang Lv , Hongzhan Lin , Songhao Wu , Yongbo Wang , Feng Wang , Jingtong Wu , Xin Lu , Rui Yan

Large language model (LLM) contexts are typically constructed using retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), which involves ranking and selecting the top-k passages. The approach causes fragmentation in information graphs in document…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Amir Khurshid , Abhishek Sehgal

Model cards describe model behavior through a mixture of textual descriptions and structured artifacts, including performance, configuration, and dataset tables. Existing model search systems rely predominantly on semantic similarity over…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Zhengyuan Dong , Renée J. Miller

A key challenge for large language models is token cost per query and overall deployment cost. Clinical inputs are long, heterogeneous, and often redundant, while downstream tasks are short and high stakes. We study budgeted context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Khizar Qureshi , Geoffrey Martin , Yifan Peng

The increasing reliance on human preference feedback to judge AI-generated pseudo labels has created a pressing need for principled, budget-conscious data acquisition strategies. We address the crucial question of how to optimally allocate…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-13 Zihan Dong , Xiaotian Hou , Ruijia Wu , Linjun Zhang

Existing neural information retrieval (IR) models have often been studied in homogeneous and narrow settings, which has considerably limited insights into their out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization capabilities. To address this, and to…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2021-10-22 Nandan Thakur , Nils Reimers , Andreas Rücklé , Abhishek Srivastava , Iryna Gurevych

We expect an increase in the frequency and severity of cyber-attacks that comes along with the need for efficient security countermeasures. The process of attributing a cyber-attack helps to construct efficient and targeted mitigating and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-22 Erisa Karafili , Linna Wang , Emil C. Lupu

While long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) distillation effectively transfers reasoning capability to smaller language models, the reasoning process often remains redundant and computational budget uncontrollable, leading to inefficient resource…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Lujie Niu , Lei Shen , Yi Jiang , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang , Wenbo Su , Bo zheng

Recent studies in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have investigated extracting evidence from retrieved passages to reduce computational costs and enhance the final RAG performance, yet it remains challenging. Existing methods heavily…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Xinping Zhao , Dongfang Li , Yan Zhong , Boren Hu , Yibin Chen , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang

Biomedical evidence synthesis relies on accurate extraction of methodological, laboratory, and outcome variables from full-text research articles, yet these variables are embedded in complex scientific PDFs that make manual abstraction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Pouria Mortezaagha , Joseph Shaw , Bowen Sun , Arya Rahgozar

Document-level relation extraction requires integrating information within and across multiple sentences of a document and capturing complex interactions between inter-sentence entities. However, effective aggregation of relevant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-07-29 Guoshun Nan , Zhijiang Guo , Ivan Sekulić , Wei Lu

Lexical and semantic matches are commonly used as relevance measurements for information retrieval. Together they estimate the semantic equivalence between the query and the candidates. However, semantic equivalence is not the only…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-07 Fan Luo , Mihai Surdeanu

As the number of documents on the web is growing exponentially, multi-document summarization is becoming more and more important since it can provide the main ideas in a document set in short time. In this paper, we present an unsupervised…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2018-06-12 Kaustubh Mani , Ishan Verma , Hardik Meisheri , Lipika Dey

Efficient question-answering (QA) over extensive scientific literature is essential for evidence-based engineering decision-making. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is increasingly applied to question-answering over long academic…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Rui Yu , Tianyi Wang , Ruixia Liu , Yinglong Wang

Multi-entity question answering (MEQA) poses significant challenges for large language models (LLMs), which often struggle to consolidate scattered information across multiple documents. An example question might be "What is the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Teng Lin , Yizhang Zhu , Yuyu Luo , Nan Tang

Large Language Models employing Chain-of-Thought reasoning achieve strong performance but suffer from excessive token consumption that inflates inference costs. Existing efficiency methods such as explicit length penalties, difficulty…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Bangji Yang , Hongbo Ma , Jiajun Fan , Ge Liu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for document-based Open-domain Question Answering (ODQA) on large-scale industrial corpora faces two critical bottlenecks: routing failure in locating the correct document and evidence fragmentation in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Joongmin Shin , Gyuho Shim , Jeongbae Park , Jaehyung Seo , Heuiseok Lim

Structured reasoning can improve the inference performance of large language models (LLMs), but it also introduces computational cost and control constraints. When additional reasoning structure helps, and when it instead reduces efficiency…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Junyu Guo , Shangding Gu , Ming Jin , Costas Spanos , Javad Lavaei