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Machine unlearning in foundation models (e.g., language and vision transformers) is essential for privacy and safety; however, existing approaches are unstable and unreliable. A widely used strategy, the gradient difference method, applies…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Arpit Garg , Hemanth Saratchandran , Ravi Garg , Simon Lucey

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

Recent data-privacy laws have sparked interest in machine unlearning, which involves removing the effect of specific training samples from a learnt model as if they were never present in the original training dataset. The challenge of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-08 Tuan Hoang , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh

Empirical scaling laws for language models have encouraged the development of ever-larger LLMs, despite their growing computational and memory costs. Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoEs) offer a promising alternative by activating only a subset…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Zeliang Zhang , Nikhil Ghosh , Jiani Liu , Bin Yu , Xiaodong Liu

Recent advancements have led to a proliferation of machine learning systems used to assist humans in a wide range of tasks. However, we are still far from accurate, reliable, and resource-efficient operations of these systems. For robot…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2019-12-20 Xiaotong Chen , Rui Chen , Zhiqiang Sui , Zhefan Ye , Yanqi Liu , R. Iris Bahar , Odest Chadwicke Jenkins

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers increase model capacity by activating only a small subset of experts per token, and typically rely on a learned router to map hidden states to expert assignments. In this work, we ask whether a dedicated…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Jama Hussein Mohamud , Drew Wagner , Mirco Ravanelli

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have proven effective in various tasks including image, shape, audio, and video reconstruction. These INRs typically learn the implicit field from sampled input points. This is often done using a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Yizhak Ben-Shabat , Chamin Hewa Koneputugodage , Sameera Ramasinghe , Stephen Gould

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, the state-of-the-art in large-scale AI, achieve high quality by sparsely activating parameters. However, their reliance on routing between a few monolithic experts via a top-k mechanism creates a "quality…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Xinfeng Xia , Jiacheng Liu , Xiaofeng Hou , Peng Tang , Mingxuan Zhang , Wenfeng Wang , Chao Li

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a widely popular model for ensemble learning and is a basic building block of highly successful modern neural networks as well as a component in Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) and Attention networks. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-10 Ashok Vardhan Makkuva , Sewoong Oh , Sreeram Kannan , Pramod Viswanath

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to architectures with billions to trillions of parameters, posing significant deployment challenges due to their substantial demands on memory, processing power, and energy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Matthew B. Blaschko , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Reliable channel estimation (CE) is fundamental for robust communication in dynamic wireless environments, where models must generalize across varying conditions such as signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), the number of resource blocks (RBs),…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-22 Tianyu Li , Yan Xin , Jianzhong , Zhang

Sparsely-gated Mixture of Expert (MoE), an emerging deep model architecture, has demonstrated a great promise to enable high-accuracy and ultra-efficient model inference. Despite the growing popularity of MoE, little work investigated its…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Yihua Zhang , Ruisi Cai , Tianlong Chen , Guanhua Zhang , Huan Zhang , Pin-Yu Chen , Shiyu Chang , Zhangyang Wang , Sijia Liu

Mixture of Experts (MoE), an ensemble of specialized models equipped with a router that dynamically distributes each input to appropriate experts, has achieved successful results in the field of machine learning. However, theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Ryotaro Kawata , Kohsei Matsutani , Yuri Kinoshita , Naoki Nishikawa , Taiji Suzuki

Mixture of Experts (MoEs) are now ubiquitous in large language models, yet the mechanisms behind their "expert specialization" remain poorly understood. We show that, since MoE routers are linear maps, hidden state similarity is both…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Xi Wang , Soufiane Hayou , Eric Nalisnick

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

Robustifying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) against adversarial attacks remains challenging and often requires resource-intensive countermeasures. We explore the use of sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) layers to improve robustness by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Svetlana Pavlitska , Haixi Fan , Konstantin Ditschuneit , J. Marius Zöllner

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures achieve scalable capacity through sparse routing, yet the geometric structure of expert specialization remains poorly understood. We introduce a unified Jacobian-PCA-Grassmann framework for analyzing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Feilong Liu

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables scalable parameter growth in large language models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of experts, and its large parameter count necessitates distributed deployment for inference. However,…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Yu Han , Lehan Pan , Jie Peng , Ziyang Tao , Hanqi Zhu , Wuyang Zhang , Yanyong Zhang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in various domains and tasks, concerns about their safety are becoming increasingly severe. In particular, since models may store unsafe knowledge internally,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Chengcan Wu , Zeming Wei , Huanran Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Meng Sun

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) effectively scales model capacity while preserving computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, training high-quality MoEs from scratch is prohibitively expensive. A promising alternative is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Ziyu Zhao , Tong Zhu , Zhi Zhang , Tiantian Fan , Jinluan Yang , Kun Kuang , Zhongyu Wei , Fei Wu , Yu Cheng