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The Key-Value (KV) cache is crucial for efficient Large Language Models (LLMs) inference, but excessively long contexts drastically increase KV cache memory footprint. Existing KV cache compression methods typically rely on input-side…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Zhenxu Tian , Yi Su , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

Key--value (KV) caching enables fast autoregressive decoding but at long contexts becomes a dominant bottleneck in High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) capacity and bandwidth. A common mitigation is to compress cached keys and values by projecting…

The KV cache in self-attention has emerged as a major bottleneck in long-context and large-batch inference for LLMs. Existing approaches often treat sparsity prediction and compression as separate modules, relying on auxiliary index…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Xu Yang , Jiapeng Zhang , Dongyang Zhao , Guo Chen , Zhuo Tang

Key-Value (KV) caching is a common technique to enhance the computational efficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs), but its memory overhead grows rapidly with input length. Prior work has shown that not all tokens are equally important…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yu Fu , Zefan Cai , Abedelkadir Asi , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Wen Xiao

Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

KV cache stores key and value states from previous tokens to avoid re-computation, yet it demands substantial storage space, especially for long sequences. Adaptive KV cache compression seeks to discern the saliency of tokens, preserving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Yefei He , Luoming Zhang , Weijia Wu , Jing Liu , Hong Zhou , Bohan Zhuang

A wide range of computer vision algorithms rely on identifying sparse interest points in images and establishing correspondences between them. However, only a subset of the initially identified interest points results in true…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-08-20 Titus Cieslewski , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Davide Scaramuzza

As context windows in LLMs scale to 100K+ tokens, the key-value (KV) cache becomes the dominant memory bottleneck, with recent methods claiming 80-90% savings and minimal benchmark degradation. We argue these evaluations miss a structural…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Samhruth Ananthanarayanan , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) rely on key-value (KV) caches for efficient autoregressive decoding; however, cache size grows linearly with context length and model depth, becoming a major bottleneck in long-context inference. Prior KV cache…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Dmitry Akulov , Mohamed Sana , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed

Key-Value (KV) cache quantization has become a widely adopted optimization technique for efficient large language models (LLMs) inference by reducing KV cache memory usage and mitigating memory-bound constraints. Recent studies have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Zunhai Su , Kehong Yuan

Large Language Models capable of handling extended contexts are in high demand, yet their inference remains challenging due to substantial Key-Value cache size and high memory bandwidth requirements. Previous research has demonstrated that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Junlin Mu , Hantao Huang , Jihang Zhang , Minghui Yu , Tao Wang , Yidong Li

Recent work on KV cache quantization, culminating in TurboQuant, has approached the Shannon entropy limit for per-vector compression of transformer key-value caches. We observe that this limit applies to a strictly weaker problem than the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Gregory Magarshak

In large language models performing long-form reasoning, the KV cache grows rapidly with decode length, creating bottlenecks in memory and inference stability. Existing reasoning-oriented KV compression has mostly followed an…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Buseong Kim , Heejun Gwon

Memory and computation remain core bottlenecks in long-horizon LLM inference due to the quadratic cost of self-attention and the ever-growing key-value (KV) cache. Existing strategies for memory-bounded inference, such as quantization,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ngoc Bui , Shubham Sharma , Simran Lamba , Saumitra Mishra , Rex Ying

Optimizing inference for long-context large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important due to the quadratic compute and linear memory cost of Transformers. Existing approximate inference methods, including key-value (KV) cache…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Kevin Galim , Ethan Ewer , Wonjun Kang , Minjae Lee , Hyung Il Koo , Kangwook Lee

The rapid expansion of context window sizes in Large Language Models~(LLMs) has enabled them to tackle increasingly complex tasks involving lengthy documents. However, this progress comes at the cost of a substantial increase in memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Situo Zhang , Yuxun Miao , Su Zhu , Zhi Chen , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Shuai Fan , Lei Pan , Kai Yu

The Key-Value (KV) cache is central to the efficiency of transformer-based large language models (LLMs), storing previously computed vectors to accelerate inference. Yet, as sequence length and batch size grow, the cache becomes a major…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Damien Lesens , Beheshteh T. Rakhshan , Guillaume Rabusseau

Large language models(LLMs) have sparked a new wave of exciting AI applications. Hosting these models at scale requires significant memory resources. One crucial memory bottleneck for the deployment stems from the context window. It is…

Prefill-only KV compression freezes a token subset at the end of prefill and decodes from it without further eviction. The retention decision is therefore irreversible, yet existing methods estimate the corrective signals it relies on,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Ning Yang , Chengzhi Wang , Yibo Liu , Baoliang Tian , Haijun Zhang

Recent large vision-language models (LVLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in processing extended multi-modal sequences, yet the resulting key-value (KV) cache expansion creates a critical memory bottleneck that fundamentally limits…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Xuyang Liu , Xiyan Gui , Yuchao Zhang , Linfeng Zhang
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