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Training large language models (LLMs) requires a substantial investment of time and money. To get a good return on investment, the developers spend considerable effort ensuring that the model never produces harmful and offensive outputs.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-17 Adrians Skapars , Edoardo Manino , Youcheng Sun , Lucas C. Cordeiro

The modern autoregressive Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved outstanding performance on NLP benchmarks, and they are deployed in the real world. However, they still suffer from limitations of the autoregressive training paradigm.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Justin Deschenaux , Caglar Gulcehre

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across multimodal tasks, but their reliance on visual inputs exposes them to adversarial threats. Encoder-based attacks provide an efficient alternative to end-to-end…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Xinwei Zhang , Li Bai , Tianwei Zhang , Youqian Zhang , Qingqing Ye , Yingnan Zhao , Ruochen Du , Haibo Hu

Deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples, and adversarial attacks used to generate such examples have attracted considerable research interest. Although existing methods based on the steepest descent have achieved high…

Neural networks are known to be susceptible to adversarial samples: small variations of natural examples crafted to deliberately mislead the models. While they can be easily generated using gradient-based techniques in digital and physical…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-18 Haotian Xue , Alexandre Araujo , Bin Hu , Yongxin Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional results on current benchmarks when working individually. The advancement in their capabilities, along with a reduction in parameter size and inference times, has facilitated the use of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Alfonso Amayuelas , Xianjun Yang , Antonis Antoniades , Wenyue Hua , Liangming Pan , William Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate LLM hallucinations and enhance their performance in knowledge-intensive domains. However, these systems are vulnerable to adversarial poisoning…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Jinyan Su , Jin Peng Zhou , Zhengxin Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Claire Cardie

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating coherent text but remain limited by the static nature of their training data. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this issue by combining LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Cody Clop , Yannick Teglia

Adversarial training for LLMs is one of the most promising methods to reliably improve robustness against adversaries. However, despite significant progress, models remain vulnerable to simple in-distribution exploits, such as rewriting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Chengzhi Hu , Jonas Dornbusch , David Lüdke , Stephan Günnemann , Leo Schwinn

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, ensuring their robustness and safety alignment remains a major challenge. Despite the overall success of alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Deep learning-based natural language processing (NLP) models, particularly pre-trained language models (PLMs), have been revealed to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, the adversarial examples generated by many mainstream…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-21 Zimu Wang , Wei Wang , Qi Chen , Qiufeng Wang , Anh Nguyen

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been widely used to underpin various downstream tasks. However, the adversarial attack task has found that PLMs are vulnerable to small perturbations. Mainstream methods adopt a detached two-stage…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-30 Xuanjie Fang , Sijie Cheng , Yang Liu , Wei Wang

We present a probabilistic framework for studying adversarial attacks on discrete data. Based on this framework, we derive a perturbation-based method, Greedy Attack, and a scalable learning-based method, Gumbel Attack, that illustrate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-01 Puyudi Yang , Jianbo Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Jane-Ling Wang , Michael I. Jordan

Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

Recently, adversarial attacks for diffusion models as well as their fine-tuning process have been developed rapidly. To prevent the abuse of these attack algorithms from affecting the practical application of diffusion models, it is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Jiaxuan Zhu , Siyu Huang

Adversarial attacks on deep neural network models have seen rapid development and are extensively used to study the stability of these networks. Among various adversarial strategies, Projected Gradient Descent (PGD) is a widely adopted…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Dayana Savostianova , Emanuele Zangrando , Francesco Tudisco

Adversarial attacks against Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are crucial for exposing safety vulnerabilities in modern multimodal systems. Recent attacks based on input transformations, such as random cropping, suggest that spatially…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Jaehyun Kwak , Nam Cao , Boryeong Cho , Segyu Lee , Sumyeong Ahn , Se-Young Yun

Large Language Model (LLM) cascade systems are designed to balance efficiency and performance by processing queries with lightweight models while selectively escalating complex cases to more powerful ones. Such systems seek to reduces…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zehan Sun , Dingfan Chen , Songze Li

Adversarial training is an effective approach to make deep neural networks robust against adversarial attacks. Recently, different adversarial training defenses are proposed that not only maintain a high clean accuracy but also show…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-02 Muzammal Naseer , Salman Khan , Fatih Porikli , Fahad Shahbaz Khan