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Process Reward Models (PRMs) are crucial in complex reasoning and problem-solving tasks (e.g., LLM agents with long-horizon decision-making) by verifying the correctness of each intermediate reasoning step. In real-world scenarios, LLMs may…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Xiang Li , Haiyang Yu , Xinghua Zhang , Ziyang Huang , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

Step-by-step verifiers -- also known as process reward models (PRMs) -- are a key ingredient for test-time scaling. PRMs require step-level supervision, making them expensive to train. This work aims to build data-efficient PRMs as…

As Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) advance, multimodal agents show promise in real-world tasks like web navigation and embodied intelligence. However, due to limitations in a lack of external feedback, these agents struggle with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Tianyi Men , Zhuoran Jin , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown that it is promising to utilize Process Reward Models (PRMs) as verifiers to enhance the performance of LLMs. However, current PRMs face three key challenges: (1) limited…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Jian Zhao , Runze Liu , Kaiyan Zhang , Zhimu Zhou , Junqi Gao , Dong Li , Jiafei Lyu , Zhouyi Qian , Biqing Qi , Xiu Li , Bowen Zhou

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

Process Reward Models (PRMs) emerge as a promising approach for process supervision in mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which aim to identify and mitigate intermediate errors in the reasoning processes. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Zhenru Zhang , Chujie Zheng , Yangzhen Wu , Beichen Zhang , Runji Lin , Bowen Yu , Dayiheng Liu , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

Process-supervised reward models serve as a fine-grained function that provides detailed step-wise feedback to model responses, facilitating effective selection of reasoning trajectories for complex tasks. Despite its advantages, evaluation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Haoqin Tu , Weitao Feng , Hardy Chen , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Cihang Xie

Large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly rely on tool use to complete real-world tasks. While existing works evaluate the LLMs' tool use capability, they largely focus on the final answers yet overlook the detailed tool usage…

Process Reward Models (PRMs) provide step-level supervision that improves the reliability of reasoning in large language models. While PRMs have been extensively studied in text-based domains, their extension to Vision Language Models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Brandon Ong , Tej Deep Pala , Vernon Toh , William Chandra Tjhi , Soujanya Poria

Large language models (LLMs) inevitably make mistakes when performing step-by-step mathematical reasoning. Process Reward Models (PRMs) have emerged as a promising solution by evaluating each reasoning step. However, existing PRMs typically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-28 Shuaijie She , Junxiao Liu , Yifeng Liu , Jiajun Chen , Xin Huang , Shujian Huang

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit advanced reasoning ability, conventional alignment remains largely dominated by outcome reward models (ORMs) that judge only final answers. Process Reward Models(PRMs) address this gap by…

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) often undergo supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to acquire tool use capabilities. However, SFT struggles to generalize to unfamiliar or complex tool use scenarios. Recent advancements in reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-22 Cheng Qian , Emre Can Acikgoz , Qi He , Hongru Wang , Xiusi Chen , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur , Heng Ji

Fulfilling user needs through Large Language Model multi-turn, multi-step tool-use is rarely a straightforward process. Real user interactions are inherently wild, being intricate, messy, and flexible. We identify three key challenges from…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Peijie Yu , Wei Liu , Yifan Yang , Jinjian Li , Zelong Zhang , Xiao Feng , Feng Zhang

Web agents hold great potential for automating complex computer tasks, yet their interactions involve long-horizon, sequential decision-making with irreversible actions. In such settings, outcome-based supervision is sparse and delayed,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Yao Zhang , Shijie Tang , Zeyu Li , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performances in mathematical reasoning, yet they remain vulnerable to visual hallucinations and logical inconsistencies that standard outcome-based supervision fails to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-01 Peng Kuang , Xiangxiang Wang , Wentao Liu , Jian Dong , Kaidi Xu

Large language model (LLM)-based search agents have proven promising for addressing knowledge-intensive problems by incorporating information retrieval capabilities. Existing works largely focus on optimizing the reasoning paradigms of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Tongyu Wen , Guanting Dong , Zhicheng Dou

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM) agents is transforming recommender systems from simple query-item matching towards deeply personalized and interactive recommendations. Reinforcement Learning (RL) provides an essential…

Previous methods evaluate reward models by testing them on a fixed pairwise ranking test set, but they typically do not provide performance information on each preference dimension. In this work, we address the evaluation challenge of…

Information-seeking is a core capability for AI agents, requiring them to gather and reason over tool-generated information across long trajectories. However, such multi-step information-seeking tasks remain challenging for agents backed by…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Jaewoo Lee , Archiki Prasad , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Zaid Khan , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Reward models are critical in techniques like Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and Inference Scaling Laws, where they guide language model alignment and select optimal responses. Despite their importance, existing reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Yantao Liu , Zijun Yao , Rui Min , Yixin Cao , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li