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We present Future-KL Influenced Policy Optimization (FIPO), a reinforcement learning algorithm designed to overcome reasoning bottlenecks in large language models. While GRPO style training scales effectively, it typically relies on…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is effective for training language models on complex reasoning. However, since the objective is defined relative to a group of sampled trajectories, extended deliberation can create more chances to…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become the standard paradigm for LLM mathematical reasoning, where Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) serves as the mainstream algorithm. We point out two understudied…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Mingxiong Lin , Zhangquan Gong , Maowen Tang , Qian Li , Chuangchuang Wang , Jian Ma , Sutian Huang , Kai Tang , Haonan Lu

Reinforcement learning is widely used to improve the reasoning ability of large language models, especially when answers can be automatically checked. Standard GRPO-style training updates the model using only the current step, while full…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Ismam Nur Swapnil , Aranya Saha , Tanvir Ahmed Khan , Mohammad Ariful Haque , Ser-Nam Lim

Group Relative Policy Optimization(GRPO) has become a cornerstone of modern reinforcement learning alignment, prized for its efficacy in foregoing an explicit value-critic by leveraging reward normalization across sampled trajectory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from mode collapse, repeatedly generating the same few completions even when many valid answers exist, limiting their diversity across a wide range of tasks. We introduce Group-Aware Policy…

Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) is commonly used in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback to align large language models (LLMs) with downstream tasks. This paper investigates the feasibility of using PPO for direct reinforcement…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Alexander G. Padula , Dennis J. N. J. Soemers

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet on-policy algorithms such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) often suffer in early training: noisy gradients from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Ziyan Wang , Zheng Wang , Xingwei Qu , Qi Cheng , Jie Fu , Shengpu Tang , Minjia Zhang , Xiaoming Huo

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), particularly Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has advanced LLM reasoning. However, GRPO suffers from three credit assignment failures: uniform token-level granularity that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Song Yu , Li Li , Wenwen Zhao , Zhisheng Yang

Group Relative Policy Optimisation (GRPO) enhances large language models by estimating advantages across a group of sampled trajectories. However, mapping these trajectory-level advantages to policy updates requires aggregating token-level…

Recently, GRPO-based reinforcement learning has shown remarkable progress in optimizing flow-matching models, effectively improving their alignment with task-specific rewards. Within these frameworks, the policy update relies on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Jing Wang , Jiajun Liang , Jie Liu , Henglin Liu , Gongye Liu , Jun Zheng , Wanyuan Pang , Ao Ma , Zhenyu Xie , Xintao Wang , Meng Wang , Pengfei Wan , Xiaodan Liang

Group-based reinforcement learning methods, like Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), are widely used nowadays to post-train large language models. Despite their empirical success, they exhibit structural mismatches between reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Aleksandar Fontana , Marco Simoni , Giulio Rossolini , Andrea Saracino , Paolo Mori

Speech Recognition has seen a dramatic shift towards adopting Large Language Models (LLMs). This shift is partly driven by good scalability properties demonstrated by LLMs, ability to leverage large amounts of labelled, unlabelled speech…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-03 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Yile Gu , Ankur Gandhe , Ivan Bulyko

Reinforcement learning with verifiers (RLVR) has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, yet popular group-based optimization algorithms like GRPO often suffer from exploration collapse, where the models prematurely converge…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Haoxuan Chen , Tianming Liang , Wei-Shi Zheng , Jian-Fang Hu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models without extensive reliance on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT). In this work, we revisit the traditional Policy Gradient (PG) mechanism and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Xiangxiang Chu , Hailang Huang , Xiao Zhang , Fei Wei , Yong Wang

Recent Progress in post-training flow matching for text-to-image (T2I) generation with Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has demonstrated strong potential. However, it is hindered by a critical limitation: inaccurate advantage…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Yifu Luo , Haoyuan Sun , Xinhao Hu , Penghui Du , Keyu Fan , Bo Li , Sinan Du , Xu Wan , Zhiyu Chen , Bo Xia , Tiantian Zhang , Yongzhe Chang , Changqian Yu , Kun Gai , Xueqian Wang

Current post-training methodologies for adapting Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) generally fall into two paradigms: Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). Despite their prevalence, both approaches suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Yuming Yan , Kai Tang , Sihong Chen , Ke Xu , Dan Hu , Qun Yu , Pengfei Hu

Reinforcement learning is crucial for aligning large language models to perform complex reasoning tasks. However, current algorithms such as Group Relative Policy Optimization suffer from coarse grained, sequence level credit assignment,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Hongbo Jin , Rongpeng Zhu , Zhongjing Du , Xu Jiang , Jingqi Tian , Qiaoman Zhang , Jiayu Ding

We introduce a novel method that averages the logits of a frozen reference policy (e.g., SFT) and a trainable policy, and incorporate the method into Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO). In contrast to Reinforcement Learning with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Xingwei Gan , Ying Zhu