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Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

The inference process of modern large language models (LLMs) demands prohibitive computational resources, rendering them infeasible for deployment on consumer-grade devices. To address this limitation, recent studies propose distributed LLM…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Xinjian Luo , Ting Yu , Xiaokui Xiao

The rapid advancement and widespread adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) has been accompanied by the emergence of new security vulnerabilities and challenges, such as jailbreaking and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, and several defenses have recently been proposed, often claiming to mitigate these attacks successfully. However, we argue that existing studies lack a principled…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yuqi Jia , Zedian Shao , Yupei Liu , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) provide a powerful foundation for natural language tasks in large-scale customer-facing applications. However, studies that explore their vulnerabilities emerging from malicious user…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-18 Fábio Perez , Ian Ribeiro

LLM-based chatbot agents increasingly process user requests by combining natural-language reasoning with external tools such as web browsing. These capabilities improve usability, but they also create attack surfaces when untrusted external…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Hongjang Yang , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

Prompt engineering has emerged as an indispensable technique for extending the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). This approach leverages task-specific instructions, known as prompts, to enhance…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Pranab Sahoo , Ayush Kumar Singh , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Samrat Mondal , Aman Chadha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become key components of modern software, with prompts acting as their de-facto programming interface. However, prompt design remains largely empirical and small mistakes can cascade into unreliable,…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Haoye Tian , Chong Wang , BoYang Yang , Lyuye Zhang , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to attacks like prompt injection, backdoor attacks, and adversarial attacks, which manipulate prompts or models to generate harmful outputs. In this paper, departing from traditional deep learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Huawei Lin , Yingjie Lao , Tong Geng , Tan Yu , Weijie Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) presents significant priority in text understanding and generation. However, LLMs suffer from the risk of generating harmful contents especially while being employed to applications. There are several black-box…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-11 Chengyuan Liu , Fubang Zhao , Lizhi Qing , Yangyang Kang , Changlong Sun , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

Large language models (LLMs) are shown to benefit from chain-of-thought (COT) prompting, particularly when tackling tasks that require systematic reasoning processes. On the other hand, COT prompting also poses new vulnerabilities in the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Zhen Xiang , Fengqing Jiang , Zidi Xiong , Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Radha Poovendran , Bo Li

Prompt engineering is an increasingly important skill set needed to converse effectively with large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT. Prompts are instructions given to an LLM to enforce rules, automate processes, and ensure specific…

The increasing integration of large language models (LLMs) across various fields has heightened concerns about their potential to propagate dangerous information. This paper specifically explores the security vulnerabilities of LLMs within…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Aidan Wong , He Cao , Zijing Liu , Yu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed task automation and content generation across various domains while incorporating safety filters to prevent misuse. We introduce a novel jailbreaking framework that employs distributed prompt…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Johan Wahréus , Ahmed Hussain , Panos Papadimitratos

The growing deployment of large language model (LLM) based agents that interact with external environments has created new attack surfaces for adversarial manipulation. One major threat is indirect prompt injection, where attackers embed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Hwan Chang , Yonghyun Jun , Hwanhee Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to many applications, with system prompts serving as a key mechanism to regulate model behavior and ensure ethical outputs. In this paper, we introduce a novel backdoor attack that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Lu Yan , Siyuan Cheng , Xuan Chen , Kaiyuan Zhang , Guangyu Shen , Zhuo Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang

Guardrail models (a.k.a. safety checkers) are widely deployed to screen user inputs before they reach large language models (LLMs), serving as a primary defense against prompt injection attacks. Due to strict context constraints, these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Yuanbo Zhou , Changjia Zhu , Junyu Wang , Xu He , Yan Zhai , Kun Sun , Mingkui Wei , Junjie Xiong

Large language model-powered sequential recommender systems (LLM-SRSs) have recently demonstrated remarkable performance, enabling recommendations through prompt-driven inference over user interaction sequences. However, this paradigm also…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Yuchuan Zhao , Tong Chen , Junliang Yu , Zongwei Wang , Lizhen Cui , Hongzhi Yin