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Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning enables large language models (LLMs) to break down complex problems into interpretable intermediate steps, significantly enhancing model transparency and performance in reasoning tasks. However, conventional…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Junda Wu , Yuxin Xiong , Xintong Li , Sheldon Yu , Zhengmian Hu , Tong Yu , Rui Wang , Xiang Chen , Jingbo Shang , Julian McAuley

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm, while enhancing the interpretability of Large Language Models (LLMs), is constrained by the inefficiencies and expressive limits of natural language. Latent Chain-of-Thought (latent CoT) reasoning, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xiaocheng Luo , Kang Wang , Zaifu Zhan , Yuechi Zhou , Xiangyu Duan

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) significantly improve the reasoning ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) by learning to reason, exhibiting promising performance in solving complex tasks. However, their deliberative reasoning process leads…

Large Language Models achieve next-token prediction by transporting a vectorized piece of text (prompt) across an accompanying embedding space under the action of successive transformer layers. The resulting high-dimensional trajectories…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Raphaël Sarfati , Toni J. B. Liu , Nicolas Boullé , Christopher J. Earls

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by enabling step-by-step problem-solving, yet its extension to Long-CoT introduces substantial computational overhead due to increased token length. Existing compression…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown limitations in tasks requiring complex logical reasoning and multi-step problem-solving. To address these challenges, researchers have employed carefully designed prompts and flowcharts, simulating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Changcheng Li , Xiangyu Wang , Qiuju Chen , Xiren Zhou , Huanhuan Chen

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has been highly successful in solving complex tasks in natural language processing, and recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have extended this paradigm to video reasoning. However, these models…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Yiwu Zhong , Zi-Yuan Hu , Yin Li , Liwei Wang

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong reasoning performance through chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet often generate unnecessarily long reasoning paths that incur high inference cost. Recent self-consistency-based approaches…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Juming Xiong , Kevin Guo , Congning Ni , Chao Yan , Katherine Brown , Avinash Baidya , Xiang Gao , Bradley Malin , Zhijun Yin

While large language models (LLMs) equipped with techniques like chain-of-thought prompting have demonstrated impressive capabilities, they still fall short in their ability to reason robustly in complex settings. However, evaluating LLM…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-26 Zayne Sprague , Xi Ye , Kaj Bostrom , Swarat Chaudhuri , Greg Durrett

Reasoning in Large Language Models incurs significant inference-time compute, yet the token-level information structure of reasoning traces remains underexplored. We observe that reasoning tokens split into two functional types: low-entropy…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Zhenyu Zhao , Sander Land , Daniel M. Bikel , Waseem Alshikh

Existing works of reasoning segmentation often fall short in complex cases, particularly when addressing complicated queries and out-of-domain images. Inspired by the chain-of-thought reasoning, where harder problems require longer thinking…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Shiu-hong Kao , Chak Ho Huang , Huaiqian Liu , Yu-Wing Tai , Chi-Keung Tang

Reasoning LLMs often spend substantial tokens on long intermediate reasoning traces (e.g., chain-of-thought) when solving new problems. We propose to summarize and store reusable reasoning skills distilled from extensive deliberation and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Guangxiang Zhao , Qilong Shi , Xusen Xiao , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang , Lin Sun

LLMs demonstrate surface-level fluency in code generation but struggle with structured reasoning tasks requiring correctness and semantic alignment. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting enhances reasoning through intermediate steps, it…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Xunzhu Tang , Iyiola Emmanuel Olatunji , Tiezhu Sun , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande

Chain-of-thought reasoning, while powerful, can produce unnecessarily verbose output for simpler problems. We present a framework for difficulty-aware reasoning that teaches models to dynamically adjust reasoning depth based on problem…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Abdul Waheed , Chancharik Mitra , Laurie Z. Wang , Deva Ramanan , Bhiksha Raj

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in mathematical reasoning capabilities through long Chain-of-Thought. The reasoning tokens of these models enable self-correction within reasoning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Yu Cui , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in advancing natural language processing but often struggle with complex reasoning tasks due to inefficient attention distributions. In this paper, we explore the effect of increased computed tokens…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Scaling test-time compute via long Chain-of-Thought unlocks remarkable gains in reasoning capabilities, yet it faces practical limits due to the linear growth of KV cache and quadratic attention complexity. In this paper, we introduce…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Zhicheng Yang , Zhijiang Guo , Yinya Huang , Yongxin Wang , Wenlei Shi , Yiwei Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Jing Tang

Latent tokens are gaining attention for enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet their internal mechanisms remain unclear. This paper examines the problem from a reliability perspective, uncovering fundamental weaknesses:…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Yuyi Zhang , Boyu Tang , Tianjie Ju , Sufeng Duan , Gongshen Liu

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) refers to approaches that improve reasoning performance by allocating extra computation during inference, without altering the model's parameters. While existing TTS methods operate in a discrete token space by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Yige Xu , Xu Guo , Zhiwei Zeng , Chunyan Miao

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…