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Automatic prompt optimization has recently emerged as a strategy for improving the quality of prompts used in Large Language Models (LLMs), with the goal of generating more accurate and useful responses. However, most prior work focuses on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Juhyeon Lee , Wonduk Seo , Hyunjin An , Seunghyun Lee , Yi Bu

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become an effective paradigm for improving reasoning language models on tasks such as mathematics, coding, and scientific question answering. However, widely used group-relative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Redacted by arXiv

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has exhibited promise in utilizing external knowledge, its generation process heavily depends on the quality and accuracy of the retrieved context. Large language models (LLMs) struggle to evaluate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Shi-Qi Yan , Quan Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling

Recent work on enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) has introduced explicit length control as a means of constraining computational cost while preserving accuracy. However, existing approaches rely on…

Large reasoning models (LRMs) generate intermediate reasoning traces before producing final answers, yielding strong gains on multi-step and mathematical tasks. Yet aligning LRMs with human preferences, a crucial prerequisite for model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Mingkang Zhu , Xi Chen , Bei Yu , Hengshuang Zhao , Jiaya Jia

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has significantly advanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) typically assigns a uniform, sequence-level advantage to all…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Song Yu , Li Li , Wenwen Zhao , Zhisheng Yang

Predicting cancer treatment outcomes requires models that are both accurate and interpretable, particularly in the presence of heterogeneous clinical data. While large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in biomedical NLP,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Raghu Vamshi Hemadri , Geetha Krishna Guruju , Kristi Topollai , Anna Ewa Choromanska

Reinforcement learning with verifiers (RLVR) has become a central paradigm for improving LLM reasoning, yet popular group-based optimization algorithms like GRPO often suffer from exploration collapse, where the models prematurely converge…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Haoxuan Chen , Tianming Liang , Wei-Shi Zheng , Jian-Fang Hu

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that reasoning ability can be significantly enhanced through Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as the de…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Jingyu Zhou , Lu Ma , Hao Liang , Chengyu Shen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as an indispensable paradigm for enhancing reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs). However, standard policy optimization methods, such as Group Relative Policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Pengyi Li , Elizaveta Goncharova , Andrey Kuznetsov , Ivan Oseledets

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven to be an effective post-training strategy for enhancing reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is a recent prominent method that encourages models to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Jiaqi Wang , Kevin Qinghong Lin , James Cheng , Mike Zheng Shou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of reasoning tasks. Recent methods have further improved LLM performance in complex mathematical reasoning. However, when extending these methods…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Chen He , Xun Jiang , Lei Wang , Hao Yang , Chong Peng , Peng Yan , Fumin Shen , Xing Xu

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) for multi-turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) - where models iteratively reason, generate code, and verify through execution - remains challenging for existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Yifeng Ding , Hung Le , Songyang Han , Kangrui Ruan , Zhenghui Jin , Varun Kumar , Zijian Wang , Anoop Deoras

Reinforcement Learning (RL) can directly enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models without extensive reliance on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT). In this work, we revisit the traditional Policy Gradient (PG) mechanism and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Xiangxiang Chu , Hailang Huang , Xiao Zhang , Fei Wei , Yong Wang

Speech Recognition has seen a dramatic shift towards adopting Large Language Models (LLMs). This shift is partly driven by good scalability properties demonstrated by LLMs, ability to leverage large amounts of labelled, unlabelled speech…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-09-03 Prashanth Gurunath Shivakumar , Yile Gu , Ankur Gandhe , Ivan Bulyko

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has proven effective for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, existing methods suffer from an exploration dilemma: the sharply peaked initial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yuhua Jiang , Jiawei Huang , Yufeng Yuan , Xin Mao , Yu Yue , Qianchuan Zhao , Lin Yan

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in partially observable environments poses significant challenges due to the complexity of learning under uncertainty. While additional information, such as that available in simulations, can enhance training,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Yueheng Li , Guangming Xie , Zongqing Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate unnecessarily verbose Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning that increases computational costs and latency without proportional performance gains. In this paper, we propose Fine-grained Group policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Xinchen Han , Hossam Afifi , Michel Marot , Xilu Wang , Lu Yin

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has boosted mathematical reasoning, yet geometry remains challenging where auxiliary construction is often essential. Prior methods either underperform or depend on very large models (e.g.,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Yikun Wang , Yibin Wang , Dianyi Wang , Zimian Peng , Qipeng Guo , Dacheng Tao , Jiaqi Wang

Though reasoning abilities are considered language-agnostic, existing LLMs exhibit inconsistent reasoning abilities across different languages, e.g., reasoning in the dominant language like English is superior to other languages due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-16 Shuaijie She , Wei Zou , Shujian Huang , Wenhao Zhu , Xiang Liu , Xiang Geng , Jiajun Chen