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We propose an efficient scheme for verifying quantum computations in the `high complexity' regime i.e. beyond the remit of classical computers. Previously proposed schemes remarkably provide confidence against arbitrarily malicious…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-05-24 Richard Jozsa , Sergii Strelchuk

In this paper we propose a novel defense approach against end-to-end adversarial attacks developed to fool advanced speech-to-text systems such as DeepSpeech and Lingvo. Unlike conventional defense approaches, the proposed approach does not…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-02-23 Mohammad Esmaeilpour , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks. Nevertheless, they still pose notable safety risks due to potential misuse for malicious purposes. Jailbreaking, which seeks to induce models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Hua Tang , Lingyong Yan , Yukun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jizhou Huang , Dawei Yin

While significant attention has been dedicated to exploiting weaknesses in LLMs through jailbreaking attacks, there remains a paucity of effort in defending against these attacks. We point out a pivotal factor contributing to the success of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-13 Zhexin Zhang , Junxiao Yang , Pei Ke , Fei Mi , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Detecting jailbreak behaviour in large language models remains challenging, particularly when strongly aligned models produce harmful outputs only rarely. In this work, we present an empirical study of output based jailbreak detection under…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Hanrui Luo , Shreyank N Gowda

In this study, we introduce RePD, an innovative attack Retrieval-based Prompt Decomposition framework designed to mitigate the risk of jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs). Despite rigorous pretraining and finetuning focused on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Peiran Wang , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts known as jailbreaks, which can bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful outputs. Despite growing efforts in LLM safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Linghao Feng , Xiang He , Jihang Wang , Sicheng Shen , Haibo Tong , Yiting Dong , Jindong Li , Xiang Zheng , Yi Zeng

Automatic adversarial prompt generation provides remarkable success in jailbreaking safely-aligned large language models (LLMs). Existing gradient-based attacks, while demonstrating outstanding performance in jailbreaking white-box LLMs,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Qizhang Li , Xiaochen Yang , Wangmeng Zuo , Yiwen Guo

While defenses against single-turn jailbreak attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) have improved significantly, multi-turn jailbreaks remain a persistent vulnerability, often achieving success rates exceeding 70% against models optimized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Xiaoxue Yang , Jaeha Lee , Anna-Katharina Dick , Jasper Timm , Fei Xie , Diogo Cruz

Compartmentalization is good security-engineering practice. By breaking a large software system into mutually distrustful components that run with minimal privileges, restricting their interactions to conform to well-defined interfaces, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2017-04-18 Yannis Juglaret , Catalin Hritcu , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Boris Eng , Benjamin C. Pierce

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

Recent research has demonstrated that state-of-the-art LLMs and defenses remain susceptible to multi-turn jailbreak attacks. These attacks require only closed-box model access and are often easy to perform manually, posing a significant…

Recently, Anil et al. (2024) show that many-shot (up to hundreds of) demonstrations can jailbreak state-of-the-art LLMs by exploiting their long-context capability. Nevertheless, is it possible to use few-shot demonstrations to efficiently…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-31 Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Qian Liu , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

Existing backdoor defense methods are only effective for limited trigger types. To defend different trigger types at once, we start from the class-irrelevant nature of the poisoning process and propose a novel weakly supervised backdoor…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Lesheng Jin , Zihan Wang , Jingbo Shang

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications, ensuring their robustness and safety alignment remains a major challenge. Despite the overall success of alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Text classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples -- correctly-classified examples that are deliberately transformed to be misclassified while satisfying acceptability constraints. The conventional approach to finding adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Tom Roth , Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Alsharif Abuadbba , Massimo Piccardi

Recent work has shown that state-of-the-art classifiers are quite brittle, in the sense that a small adversarial change of an originally with high confidence correctly classified input leads to a wrong classification again with high…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-11-07 Matthias Hein , Maksym Andriushchenko

Large Language Models face security threats from jailbreak attacks. Existing research has predominantly focused on prompt-level attacks while largely ignoring the underexplored attack surface of user-controlled response prefilling. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Yakai Li , Jiekang Hu , Weiduan Sang , Luping Ma , Dongsheng Nie , Weijuan Zhang , Aimin Yu , Yi Su , Qingjia Huang , Qihang Zhou

Large language models have seen widespread adoption, yet they remain vulnerable to multi-turn jailbreak attacks, threatening their safe deployment. This has led to the task of training automated multi-turn attackers to probe model safety…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Xiqiao Xiong , Ouxiang Li , Zhuo Liu , Moxin Li , Wentao Shi , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, wherein adversaries exploit carefully engineered prompts to induce harmful or unethical responses. Such threats have raised critical concerns about the safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Taiye Chen , Zeming Wei , Ang Li , Yisen Wang