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As Large Language Models (LLMs) become integral to computing infrastructure, safety alignment serves as the primary security control preventing the generation of harmful payloads. However, this defense remains brittle. Existing jailbreak…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-19 Mingrui Liu , Sixiao Zhang , Cheng Long , Kwok Yan Lam

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in applications such as automated content generation and even critical decision-making systems. However, the risk of prompt injection allows for potential manipulation of LLM outputs.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-25 Jiashuo Liang , Guancheng Li , Yang Yu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they remain susceptible to sophisticated, multi-step jailbreak attacks that circumvent conventional surface-level safety alignment by exploiting the internal generation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jiachen Ma , Jiawen Zhang , Xiangtian Li , Bo Zou , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang

Despite prior safety alignment efforts, mainstream LLMs can still generate harmful and unethical content when subjected to jailbreaking attacks. Existing jailbreaking methods fall into two main categories: template-based and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-03 Weipeng Jiang , Zhenting Wang , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen

Inspired by recent findings on the fractal geometry of language, we introduce Recursive INference Scaling (RINS) as a complementary, plug-in recipe for scaling inference time in language and multimodal systems. RINS is a particular form of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-09 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Xiaohua Zhai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse applications, however, they remain critically vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that elicit harmful responses violating human values and safety guidelines.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Zhaoqi Wang , Zijian Zhang , Daqing He , Pengtao Kou , Xin Li , Jiamou Liu , Jincheng An , Yong Liu

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

Large Language Models(LLMs) have been successful in numerous fields. Alignment has usually been applied to prevent them from harmful purposes. However, aligned LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that deliberately mislead them into…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Shang Liu , Hanyu Pei , Zeyan Liu

Successful defense against dynamically evolving cyber threats requires advanced and sophisticated techniques. This research presents a novel approach to enhance real-time cybersecurity threat detection and response by integrating large…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Shuva Paul , Farhad Alemi , Richard Macwan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, notably the well-known jailbreak attack. In particular, the Greedy Coordinate Gradient (GCG) attack has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Yihao Zhang , Zeming Wei

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) unlock powerful multimodal reasoning but also expand the attack surface, particularly through adversarial inputs that conceal harmful goals in benign prompts. We propose SHIELD, a lightweight,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central post-training paradigm for large language models (LLMs), but its performance is highly sensitive to the quality of training problems. This sensitivity stems from the non-stationarity of RL:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-26 Ningyuan Yang , Weihua Du , Weiwei Sun , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang

Large language models (LLMs) are being rapidly developed, and a key component of their widespread deployment is their safety-related alignment. Many red-teaming efforts aim to jailbreak LLMs, where among these efforts, the Greedy Coordinate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Xiaojun Jia , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Yihao Huang , Jindong Gu , Yang Liu , Xiaochun Cao , Min Lin

Despite efforts to align large language models (LLMs) with societal and moral values, these models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks -- methods designed to elicit harmful responses. Jailbreaking black-box LLMs is considered…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Muyang Zheng , Yuanzhi Yao , Changting Lin , Caihong Kai , Yanxiang Chen , Zhiquan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversarially crafted prompts induce policy-violating responses despite safety alignment. Existing defenses typically improve safety through external filtering,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Yulong Chen , Qi Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Yadong Liu , Mu Li , Jie Wen , Yong Xu

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) with varying capabilities and costs has created a need for efficient model selection in AI systems. LLM routers address this need by dynamically choosing the most suitable model for a given…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Zesen Zhao , Shuowei Jin , Z. Morley Mao

As large language models (LLMs) become integrated into everyday applications, ensuring their robustness and security is increasingly critical. In particular, LLMs can be manipulated into unsafe behaviour by prompts known as jailbreaks. The…

Recent reasoning-based safety guardrails for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as deliberative alignment, have shown strong defense against jailbreak attacks. By leveraging LRMs' reasoning ability, these guardrails help the models to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Shuo Chen , Zhen Han , Haokun Chen , Bailan He , Shengyun Si , Jingpei Wu , Philip Torr , Volker Tresp , Jindong Gu