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We study classical shadows protocols based on randomized measurements in $n$-qubit entangled bases, generalizing the random Pauli measurement protocol ($n = 1$). We show that entangled measurements ($n\geq 2$) enable nontrivial and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-27 Matteo Ippoliti

Entanglement in multipartite systems is a key resource for quantum information and communication protocols, making its verification in complex systems a necessity. Because an exact calculation of arbitrary entanglement probes is impossible,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-09-18 Stefan Gerke , Werner Vogel , Jan Sperling

The classical shadow estimation protocol is a noise-resilient and sample-efficient quantum algorithm for learning the properties of quantum systems. Its performance depends on the choice of a unitary ensemble, which must be chosen by a user…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-01-10 Kaifeng Bu , Dax Enshan Koh , Roy J. Garcia , Arthur Jaffe

Detection of entanglement is an indispensable step to practical quantum computation and communication. Compared with the conventional entanglement witness method based on fidelity, we propose a flexible, machine learning assisted…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-11-11 Jue Xu , Qi Zhao

In this paper we provide an operational method to detect multipartite entanglement in ensemble-based quantum computing. This method is based on the concept of entanglement witness. We decompose the entanglement witness for each class of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-06-26 Robabeh Rahimi , Akira SaiToh , Mikio Nakahara , Masahiro Kitagawa

Creating large-scale entanglement lies at the heart of many quantum information processing protocols and the investigation of fundamental physics. For multipartite quantum systems, it is crucial to identify not only the presence of…

Entanglement is a central concept in quantum information and a key resource for many quantum protocols. In this work we propose and analyze a class of entanglement witnesses that detect the presence of entanglement in subsystems of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-01-22 David Amaro , Markus Müller

To address the outstanding task of detecting entanglement in large quantum systems, entanglement witnesses have emerged, addressing the separable nature of a state. Yet optimizing witnesses, or accessing them experimentally, often remains a…

Efficiently learning expectation values of a quantum state using classical shadow tomography has become a fundamental task in quantum information theory. In a classical shadows protocol, one measures a state in a chosen basis W after it has…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-04 Maxwell West , Antonio Anna Mele , Martin Larocca , M. Cerezo

The experimental detection of multipartite entanglement usually requires a number of appropriately chosen local quantum measurements which are aligned with respect to a previously shared common reference frame. The latter, however, can be a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-04-02 Andreas Ketterer , Nikolai Wyderka , Otfried Gühne

Recently, there are tremendous developments on the number of controllable qubits in several quantum computing systems. For these implementations, it is crucial to determine the entanglement structure of the prepared multipartite quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-10-10 You Zhou , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Xiongfeng Ma

Classical shadow tomography is a powerful randomized measurement protocol for predicting many properties of a quantum state with few measurements. Two classical shadow protocols have been extensively studied in the literature: the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-06-07 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

Entanglement witnesses are invaluable for efficient quantum entanglement certification without the need for expensive quantum state tomography. Yet, standard entanglement witnessing requires multiple measurements and its bounds can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-03-22 Farid Shahandeh , Martin Ringbauer , Juan C. Loredo , Timothy C. Ralph

Quantum measurements are slow, while classical processors are fast, yet existing hybrid protocols never exploit this asymmetry. In this work, we propose an alternative formulation of classical estimators as online algorithms that are…

Multipartite entanglement is one of the crucial resources in quantum information processing tasks such as quantum metrology, quantum computing and quantum communications. It is essential to verify not only the multipartite entanglement, but…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-06-12 Kai Wu , Zhihua Chen , Zhen-Peng Xu , Zhihao Ma , Shao-Ming Fei

Witnessing entanglement is crucial in quantum information processing. With properly preparing ancillary states, it has been shown previously that genuine entanglement can be witnessed without trusting measurement devices. In this work, we…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-07-28 Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Xiongfeng Ma

Multipartite entanglement detection is crucial for the develop of quantum information science and quantum computation, communication, simulation and metrology tasks. In contrast to experiments, where several handreds of qubits have been…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-06 Xiao-yu Chen

We introduce a Pauli-measurement-based algorithm to certify the Schmidt number of $n$-qubit pure states. Our protocol achieves an average-case sample complexity of $\caO(\mathrm{poly}(n)\chi^2)$, a substantial improvement over the $\caO(2^n…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-01-19 Changhao Yi

We provide practical and powerful schemes for learning many properties of an unknown n-qubit quantum state using a sparing number of copies of the state. Specifically, we present a depth-modulated randomized measurement scheme that…

Genuine multipartite entanglement is arguably the most valuable form of entanglement in the multipartite case, with applications, for instance, in quantum metrology. In order to detect that form of entanglement in multipartite quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-04-07 Jakub Szczepaniak , Owidiusz Makuta , Remigiusz Augusiak
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