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Vector quantization (VQ) is a key technique in high-resolution and high-fidelity image synthesis, which aims to learn a codebook to encode an image with a sequence of discrete codes and then generate an image in an auto-regression manner.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Guotao Liang , Baoquan Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Xutao Li , Yunming Ye , Huaibin Wang , Chuyao Luo , Kola Ye , linfeng Luo

Vector Quantization (VQ) is an appealing model compression method to obtain a tiny model with less accuracy loss. While methods to obtain better codebooks and codes under fixed clustering dimensionality have been extensively studied,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-22 Zezhou Zhu , Yucong Zhou , Zhao Zhong

Vector quantization (VQ) transforms continuous image features into discrete representations, providing compressed, tokenized inputs for generative models. However, VQ-based frameworks suffer from several issues, such as non-smooth latent…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Sicheng Yang , Xing Hu , Qiang Wu , Dawei Yang

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a well-known technique in deep learning for extracting informative discrete latent representations. VQ-embedded models have shown impressive results in a range of applications including image and speech…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-05 Tanmay Gautam , Reid Pryzant , Ziyi Yang , Chenguang Zhu , Somayeh Sojoudi

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant challenges in edge deployment due to their massive parameter scale. Vector Quantization (VQ), a clustering-based quantization method, serves as a prevalent solution to this issue for its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Yuxuan Yue , Zukang Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Dawei Yang , Jianlong Wu , Liqiang Nie

Vector Quantization (VQ) techniques face significant challenges in codebook utilization, limiting reconstruction fidelity in image modeling. We introduce a Dual Codebook mechanism that effectively addresses this limitation by partitioning…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has intensified the need for effective mechanisms to transform continuous multimodal data into discrete representations suitable for language-based processing. Discrete tokenization,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Jindong Li , Yali Fu , Jiahong Liu , Linxiao Cao , Wei Ji , Menglin Yang , Irwin King , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have achieved great success by significantly improving performance while maintaining computational efficiency through sparse expert activation. However, their enormous parameter sizes and memory demands pose…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Zukang Xu , Zhixiong Zhao , Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang

Vector quantization is a fundamental operation for data compression and vector search. To obtain high accuracy, multi-codebook methods represent each vector using codewords across several codebooks. Residual quantization (RQ) is one such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-22 Iris A. M. Huijben , Matthijs Douze , Matthew Muckley , Ruud J. G. van Sloun , Jakob Verbeek

Vector quantization is a fundamental technique for compression and large-scale nearest neighbor search. For high-accuracy operating points, multi-codebook quantization associates data vectors with one element from each of multiple…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Théophane Vallaeys , Matthew Muckley , Jakob Verbeek , Matthijs Douze

Existing vector quantization (VQ) methods struggle with scalability, largely attributed to the instability of the codebook that undergoes partial updates during training. The codebook is prone to collapse as utilization decreases, due to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Fengyuan Shi , Zhuoyan Luo , Yixiao Ge , Yujiu Yang , Ying Shan , Limin Wang

Vector quantization, which discretizes a continuous vector space into a finite set of representative vectors (a codebook), has been widely adopted in modern machine learning. Despite its effectiveness, vector quantization poses a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Takashi Morita

It is customary to deploy uniform scalar quantization in the end-to-end optimized Neural image compression methods, instead of more powerful vector quantization, due to the high complexity of the latter. Lattice vector quantization (LVQ),…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-11-26 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu

Vector Quantization (VQ) is essential for discretizing continuous representations in unsupervised learning but suffers from representation collapse, causing low codebook utilization and limiting scalability. Existing solutions often rely on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yongxin Zhu , Bocheng Li , Yifei Xin , Zhihua Xia , Linli Xu

Recently, numerous end-to-end optimized image compression neural networks have been developed and proved themselves as leaders in rate-distortion performance. The main strength of these learnt compression methods is in powerful nonlinear…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-04-26 Xi Zhang , Xiaolin Wu

Built upon vector quantization (VQ), discrete audio codec models have achieved great success in audio compression and auto-regressive audio generation. However, existing models face substantial challenges in perceptual quality and signal…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-09-20 Zhikang Niu , Sanyuan Chen , Long Zhou , Ziyang Ma , Xie Chen , Shujie Liu

Vector quantization is a technique in machine learning that discretizes continuous representations into a set of discrete vectors. It is widely employed in tokenizing data representations for large language models, diffusion models, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Wenhao Zhao , Qiran Zou , Rushi Shah , Yudi Wu , Zhouhan Lin , Dianbo Liu

In this paper we introduce learnable lattice vector quantization and demonstrate its effectiveness for learning discrete representations. Our method, termed LL-VQ-VAE, replaces the vector quantization layer in VQ-VAE with lattice-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-17 Ahmed Khalil , Robert Piechocki , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

Vector Quantisation (VQ) is experiencing a comeback in machine learning, where it is increasingly used in representation learning. However, optimizing the codevectors in existing VQ-VAE is not entirely trivial. A problem is codebook…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-07-31 Chuanxia Zheng , Andrea Vedaldi

Large language models~(LLMs) have recently demonstrated promising performance in many tasks. However, the high storage and computational cost of LLMs has become a challenge for deploying LLMs. Weight quantization has been widely used for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Wen-Pu Cai , Ming-Yang Li , Wu-Jun Li
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