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To comply with data protection regulations such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), websites widely deploy cookie consent banners to collect users' privacy preferences. In…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Nivedita Singh , Seyoung Jin , Hyoungshick Kim

In response to growing concerns about user privacy, legislators have introduced new regulations and laws such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that force websites to obtain user…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Nikhil Jha , Martino Trevisan , Marco Mellia , Daniel Fernandez , Rodrigo Irarrazaval

The enforcement of the GDPR led to the widespread adoption of consent notices, colloquially known as cookie banners. Studies have shown that many website operators do not comply with the law and track users prior to any interaction with the…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-09-13 Ralf Gundelach , Dominik Herrmann

Advances in service personalization are driven by low-cost data collection and processing, in addition to the wide variety of third-party frameworks for authentication, storage, and marketing. New privacy regulations, such as the General…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-06-15 Marco Robol , Travis D. Breaux , Elda Paja , Paolo Giorgini

As a result of the GDPR and the ePrivacy Directive, European users encounter cookie banners on almost every website. Many of such banners are implemented by Consent Management Providers (CMPs), who respect the IAB Europe's Transparency and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-02-24 Célestin Matte , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos

Data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, require websites and embedded third-parties, especially advertisers, to seek user consent before they can collect and process user data. Only when the users opt in, can these entities…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Zengrui Liu , Umar Iqbal , Nitesh Saxena

Online tracking remains problematic, with compliance and ethical issues persisting despite regulatory efforts. Consent interfaces, the visible manifestation of this industry, have seen significant attention over the years. We present robust…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Midas Nouwens , Janus Bager Kristensen , Kristjan Maalt , Rolf Bagge

The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) secures the right to Opt-Out for consumers in California. However, websites may implement complex consent mechanisms that potentially do not capture the user's true choices. We investigated the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Torsha Mazumdar , Daniel Timko , Muhammad Lutfor Rahman

The GDPR requires websites to facilitate the right to revoke consent from Web users. While numerous studies measured compliance of consent with the various consent requirements, no prior work has studied consent revocation on the Web.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Gayatri Priyadarsini Kancherla , Nataliia Bielova , Cristiana Santos , Abhishek Bichhawat

Since the adoption of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018 more than 60 % of popular websites in Europe display cookie consent notices to their visitors. This has quickly led to users becoming fatigued with privacy…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2019-10-23 Christine Utz , Martin Degeling , Sascha Fahl , Florian Schaub , Thorsten Holz

New consent management platforms (CMPs) have been introduced to the web to conform with the EU's General Data Protection Regulation, particularly its requirements for consent when companies collect and process users' personal data. This…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2020-01-09 Midas Nouwens , Ilaria Liccardi , Michael Veale , David Karger , Lalana Kagal

Online services provide users with cookie banners to accept/reject the cookies placed on their web browsers. Despite the increased adoption of cookie banners, little has been done to ensure that cookie consent is compliant with privacy laws…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-08 Brian Tang , Duc Bui , Kang G. Shin

Technological advances in information sharing have raised concerns about data protection. Privacy policies contain privacy-related requirements about how the personal data of individuals will be handled by an organization or a software…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-10-06 Orlando Amaral , Sallam Abualhaija , Damiano Torre , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh , Lionel C. Briand

Data brokers collect and sell the personal information of millions of individuals, often without their knowledge or consent. The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) grants consumers the legal right to request access to, or deletion of,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Elina van Kempen , Isita Bagayatkar , Pavel Frolikov , Chloe Georgiou , Gene Tsudik

During the past few years, mostly as a result of the GDPR and the CCPA, websites have started to present users with cookie consent banners. These banners are web forms where the users can state their preference and declare which cookies…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2022-02-11 Emmanouil Papadogiannakis , Panagiotis Papadopoulos , Nicolas Kourtellis , Evangelos P. Markatos

Despite stringent data protection regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and other country-specific regulations, many websites continue to use cookies to track user…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-01-12 Nivedita Singh , Yejin Do , Yongsang Yu. Imane Fouad , Jungrae Kim , Hyoungshick Kim

To ensure that users of online services understand what data are collected and how they are used in algorithmic decision-making, the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) specifies informed consent as a minimal…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2020-06-26 Than Htut Soe , Oda Elise Nordberg , Frode Guribye , Marija Slavkovik

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) aims to ensure that all personal data processing activities are fair and transparent for the European Union (EU) citizens, regardless of whether these are carried out within the EU or anywhere…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-03-15 Danny S. Guamán , Xavier Ferrer , Jose M. del Alamo , Jose Such

California's consumer privacy law is widely deemed to be the most protected in the United States, one of the few to expressly regulate third party entities that buy and sell consumer data (data brokers). We offer the first empirical…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Anna-Maria Gueorguieva , Jennifer King , Apoorva Panidapu , Daniel E Ho

Free and open source software has gained a lot of momentum in the industry and the research community. The latest advances in privacy legislation, including the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the California Consumer…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Georgia M. Kapitsaki , Maria Papoutsoglou
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