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We present a reality check on large language models and inspect the promise of retrieval augmented language models in comparison. Such language models are semi-parametric, where models integrate model parameters and knowledge from external…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-05 Wang-Chiew Tan , Yuliang Li , Pedro Rodriguez , Richard James , Xi Victoria Lin , Alon Halevy , Scott Yih

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) is remarkably effective in addressing sequential resource allocation problems in domains such as healthcare, public policy, and resource management. However, deep RL policies often lack transparency and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Mauricio Tec , Guojun Xiong , Haichuan Wang , Francesca Dominici , Milind Tambe

Large language models (LLMs) excel in open domains but struggle in specialized settings with limited data and evolving knowledge. Existing domain adaptation practices rely heavily on manual trial-and-error processes, incur significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Sidharth Sinha , Anson Bastos , Xuchao Zhang , Akshay Nambi , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare is constrained by knowledge limitations, hallucinations, and a disconnect from Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) offers a solution,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Qiaoyu Zheng , Yuze Sun , Chaoyi Wu , Weike Zhao , Pengcheng Qiu , Yongguo Yu , Kun Sun , Jian Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Ya Zhang , Weidi Xie

Despite the dramatic progress in Large Language Model (LLM) development, LLMs often provide seemingly plausible but not factual information, often referred to as hallucinations. Retrieval-augmented LLMs provide a non-parametric approach to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-09 Sai Munikoti , Anurag Acharya , Sridevi Wagle , Sameera Horawalavithana

Assessing Large Language Models'(LLMs) underlying value differences enables comprehensive comparison of their misalignment, cultural adaptability, and biases. Nevertheless, current value measurement methods face the informativeness…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Jing Yao , Shitong Duan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Dongkuan Xu , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Ning Gu , Zhicheng Dou , Xing Xie

Retrieval-augmented large language models (LLMs) have been remarkably competent in various NLP tasks. However, it was observed by previous works that retrieval is not always helpful, especially when the LLM is already knowledgeable on the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Chengkai Huang , Yu Xia , Rui Wang , Kaige Xie , Tong Yu , Julian McAuley , Lina Yao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents can leverage tools such as Google Search to complete complex tasks. However, this tool usage introduces the risk of indirect prompt injections, where malicious instructions hidden in tool outputs can…

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, but their increasing parameter sizes significantly slow down inference. Speculative decoding mitigates this issue by leveraging a smaller draft…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kuan-Wei Lu , Ding-Yong Hong , Pangfeng Liu , Jan-Jan Wu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems empower large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge during inference. Recent advances have enabled LLMs to act as search agents via reinforcement learning (RL), improving…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Pengcheng Jiang , Xueqiang Xu , Jiacheng Lin , Jinfeng Xiao , Zifeng Wang , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Autonomous vehicle navigation in complex environments such as dense and fast-moving highways and merging scenarios remains an active area of research. A key limitation of RL is its reliance on well-specified reward functions, which often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Timur Anvar , Jeffrey Chen , Yuyan Wang , Rohan Chandra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong promise as rerankers, especially in ``listwise'' settings where an LLM is prompted to rerank several search results at once. However, this ``cascading'' retrieve-and-rerank approach is limited…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-01-17 Mandeep Rathee , Sean MacAvaney , Avishek Anand

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have been remarkable. Users face a choice between using cloud-based LLMs for generation quality and deploying local-based LLMs for lower computational cost. The former option is typically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Hao Sun , Jiayi Wu , Hengyi Cai , Xiaochi Wei , Yue Feng , Bo Wang , Shuaiqiang Wang , Yan Zhang , Dawei Yin

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling dynamic, multi-step reasoning and information retrieval. However, these systems often exhibit sub-optimal search behaviors like…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Peilin Wu , Mian Zhang , Xinlu Zhang , Xinya Du , Zhiyu Zoey Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) techniques have emerged as a promising solution to enhance the reliability of large language models (LLMs) by addressing issues like hallucinations, outdated knowledge, and domain adaptation. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Weihang Su , Yichen Tang , Qingyao Ai , Junxi Yan , Changyue Wang , Hongning Wang , Ziyi Ye , Yujia Zhou , Yiqun Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has enabled the training of large language model (LLM) agents to interact with the environment and to solve multi-turn long-horizon tasks. However, the RL-trained agents often struggle in tasks that require…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Yulun Jiang , Liangze Jiang , Damien Teney , Michael Moor , Maria Brbic

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) promise to accelerate scientific discovery end-to-end, but rigorously evaluating their capacity for verifiable discovery remains a central challenge. Existing benchmarks face a…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive multilingual capabilities through pretraining on diverse corpora. Although these models show strong reasoning abilities, their performance varies significantly between languages due to the…