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Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Scaling test-time computation with reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a reliable path to improve large language models (LLM) reasoning ability. Yet, outcome-based reward often incentivizes models to be overconfident, leading to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Liaoyaqi Wang , Chunsheng Zuo , William Jurayj , Benjamin Van Durme , Anqi Liu

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) typically relies on large quantities of high-quality annotated data, or questions with well-defined ground truth answers in the case of Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). While…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Justin Bauer , Thomas Walshe , Derek Pham , Harit Vishwakarma , Armin Parchami , Frederic Sala , Paroma Varma

We present Athena-PRM, a multimodal process reward model (PRM) designed to evaluate the reward score for each step in solving complex reasoning problems. Developing high-performance PRMs typically demands significant time and financial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Shuai Wang , Zhenhua Liu , Jiaheng Wei , Xuanwu Yin , Dong Li , Emad Barsoum

Enhancing the mathematical reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) is of great scientific and practical significance. Researchers typically employ process-supervised reward models (PRMs) to guide the reasoning process,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Wei Sun , Qianlong Du , Fuwei Cui , Jiajun Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance in code generation recently, offering programmers revolutionary assistance in software development. However, due to the auto-regressive nature of LLMs, they are susceptible…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Xue Jiang , Yihong Dong , Yongding Tao , Huanyu Liu , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Ge Li

Prompt optimization improves the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) without requiring parameter updates to the target model. Following heuristic-based "Think step by step" approaches, the field has evolved in two main…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Andreea Nica , Ivan Zakazov , Nicolas Mario Baldwin , Saibo Geng , Robert West

Achieving both accuracy and diverse reasoning remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex domains like mathematics. A key bottleneck is evaluating intermediate reasoning steps to guide generation without costly human…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Adam Younsi , Ahmed Attia , Abdalgader Abubaker , Mohamed El Amine Seddik , Hakim Hacid , Salem Lahlou

Current approaches for training Process Reward Models (PRMs) often involve breaking down responses into multiple reasoning steps using rule-based techniques, such as using predefined placeholder tokens or setting the reasoning step's length…

Recently, large-scale visual language pre-trained (VLP) models have demonstrated impressive performance across various downstream tasks. Motivated by these advancements, pioneering efforts have emerged in multi-label image recognition with…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-30 Leilei Ma , Hongxing Xie , Lei Wang , Yanping Fu , Dengdi Sun , Haifeng Zhao

Recent studies on post-training large language models (LLMs) for reasoning through reinforcement learning (RL) typically focus on tasks that can be accurately verified and rewarded, such as solving math problems. In contrast, our research…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Rui Yan

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code-related tasks, such as code generation and automated program repair. Despite their promising performance, most existing approaches for code…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Yicong Zhao , Shisong Chen , Jiacheng Zhang , Zhixu Li

Reward models (RMs) are central to aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences, powering RLHF and advanced decoding strategies. While most prior work focuses on single-step generation, real-world applications increasingly…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Xingyu Fan , Wei Shao , Jiacheng Liu , Linqi Song , Pheng Ann Heng

Training multimodal process reward models (PRMs) is hard due to (i) distribution shift between training set and test set and (ii) quality imbalance across training data samples. While domain-level reweighting (e.g., DreamPRM) aligns…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Qi Cao , Pengtao Xie

Process reward models (PRMs) have proven effective for test-time scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) on challenging reasoning tasks. However, reward hacking issues with PRMs limit their successful application in reinforcement…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Jie Cheng , Gang Xiong , Ruixi Qiao , Lijun Li , Chao Guo , Junle Wang , Yisheng Lv , Fei-Yue Wang

Reasoning is an essential capacity for large language models (LLMs) to address complex tasks, where the identification of process errors is vital for improving this ability. Recently, process-level reward models (PRMs) were proposed to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Zhaopan Xu , Pengfei Zhou , Jiaxin Ai , Wangbo Zhao , Kai Wang , Xiaojiang Peng , Wenqi Shao , Hongxun Yao , Kaipeng Zhang

Process reward models (PRMs) enhance complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs) by evaluating candidate solutions step-by-step and selecting answers based on aggregated step scores. While effective in domains such as mathematics,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-26 Lei Tang , Wei Zhou , Mohsen Mesgar

While large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced mathematical reasoning, Process Reward Models (PRMs) have been developed to evaluate the logical validity of reasoning steps. However, PRMs still struggle with…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Jiachen Zhu , Congmin Zheng , Jianghao Lin , Kounianhua Du , Ying Wen , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

Generative Reward Models (GRMs) provide greater flexibility than scalar reward models in capturing human preferences, but their effectiveness is limited by poor reasoning capabilities. This often results in incomplete or overly speculative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Bin Chen , Xinzge Gao , Chuanrui Hu , Penghang Yu , Hua Zhang , Bing-Kun Bao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…