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Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

Large language models (LLMs) have become phenomenally surging, since 2018--two decades after introducing context-awareness into computing systems. Through taking into account the situations of ubiquitous devices, users and the societies,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-27 Haoyi Xiong , Jiang Bian , Sijia Yang , Xiaofei Zhang , Linghe Kong , Daqing Zhang

In-context learning is a key paradigm in large language models (LLMs) that enables them to generalize to new tasks and domains by simply prompting these models with a few exemplars without explicit parameter updates. Many attempts have been…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-11 Siyan Zhao , Tung Nguyen , Aditya Grover

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Individuals' concerns about data privacy and AI safety are highly contextualized and extend beyond sensitive patterns. Addressing these issues requires reasoning about the context to identify and mitigate potential risks. Though researchers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Haoran Li , Yulin Chen , Huihao Jing , Wenbin Hu , Tsz Ho Li , Chanhou Lou , Hong Ting Tsang , Sirui Han , Yangqiu Song

Over the past few years, the abilities of large language models (LLMs) have received extensive attention, which have performed exceptionally well in complicated scenarios such as logical reasoning and symbolic inference. A significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Junbing Yan , Chengyu Wang , Jun Huang , Wei Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) trained on huge corpora of text datasets demonstrate intriguing capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art performance on tasks they were not explicitly trained for. The precise nature of LLM capabilities is often…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Eric J. Bigelow , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka , Tomer D. Ullman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

Long context large language models (LLMs) are deployed in many real-world applications such as RAG, agent, and broad LLM-integrated applications. Given an instruction and a long context (e.g., documents, PDF files, webpages), a long context…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-27 Yanting Wang , Wei Zou , Runpeng Geng , Jinyuan Jia

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

Scaling large language models (LLMs) leads to an emergent capacity to learn in-context from example demonstrations. Despite progress, theoretical understanding of this phenomenon remains limited. We argue that in-context learning relies on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-15 Michael Hahn , Navin Goyal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful text generators, yet they can produce toxic or harmful content even when given seemingly harmless prompts. This presents a serious safety challenge and can cause real-world harm. Toxicity is often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Himanshu Singh , Ziwei Xu , A. V. Subramanyam , Mohan Kankanhalli

Knowledge infusion is a promising method for enhancing Large Language Models for domain-specific NLP tasks rather than pre-training models over large data from scratch. These augmented LLMs typically depend on additional pre-training or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Kinshuk Vasisht , Balaji Ganesan , Vikas Kumar , Vasudha Bhatnagar

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in specialized domains such as finance and healthcare, where they introduce unique safety risks. Domain-specific datasets of harmful prompts remain scarce and still largely rely on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Huawei Zheng , Xinqi Jiang , Sen Yang , Shouling Ji , Yingcai Wu , Dazhen Deng

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, research shows that their effectiveness depends not only on explicit prompts but also on the broader context provided. This requirement is especially pronounced…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Shaokang Jiang , Daye Nam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

Recently proposed evaluation benchmarks aim to characterize the effective context length and the forgetting tendencies of large language models (LLMs). However, these benchmarks often rely on simplistic 'needle in a haystack' retrieval or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Aadyant Khatri , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Naren Ramakrishnan

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks, they pose potential safety concerns, such as the ``jailbreak'' problem, wherein malicious instructions can manipulate LLMs to exhibit…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Yue Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Sinno Jialin Pan , Lidong Bing

Large language models (LLMs) can produce erroneous responses that sound fluent and convincing, raising the risk that users will rely on these responses as if they were correct. Mitigating such overreliance is a key challenge. Through a…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Sunnie S. Y. Kim , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan , Q. Vera Liao , Tania Lombrozo , Olga Russakovsky