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With the advancement of technology, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, powering LLM-integrated applications like Microsoft Copilot. However, as LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Zihao Zheng , Yangqiu Song , Dekai Wu , Bryan Hooi

With the proliferation of red-teaming strategies for Large Language Models (LLMs), the deficiency in the literature about improving the safety and robustness of LLM defense strategies is becoming increasingly pronounced. This paper…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-19 Jiaxu Liu , Xiangyu Yin , Sihao Wu , Jianhong Wang , Meng Fang , Xinping Yi , Xiaowei Huang

The increasing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into society necessitates robust defenses against vulnerabilities from jailbreaking and adversarial prompts. This project proposes a recursive framework for enhancing the resistance…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Bryan Li , Sounak Bagchi , Zizhan Wang

In this fast-evolving area of LLMs, our paper discusses the significant security risk presented by prompt injection attacks. It focuses on small open-sourced models, specifically the LLaMA family of models. We introduce novel defense…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Tahsin Zaman Jilan

The security issue of large language models (LLMs) has gained wide attention recently, with various defense mechanisms developed to prevent harmful output, among which safeguards based on text embedding models serve as a fundamental…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Haoyu Liang , Youran Sun , Yunfeng Cai , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Recent secure code generation methods, using vulnerability-aware fine-tuning, prefix-tuning, and prompt optimization, claim to prevent LLMs from producing insecure code. However, their robustness under adversarial conditions remains…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Melissa Tessa , Iyiola E. Olatunji , Aicha War , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

The system prompt in Large Language Models (LLMs) plays a pivotal role in guiding model behavior and response generation. Often containing private configuration details, user roles, and operational instructions, the system prompt has become…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

Despite significant ongoing efforts in safety alignment, large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 and LLaMA 3 remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that can induce harmful behaviors, including through the use of adversarial suffixes.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-20 Wei Zhao , Zhe Li , Yige Li , Jun Sun

In this study, we propose a homotopy-inspired prompt obfuscation framework to enhance understanding of security and safety vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). By systematically applying carefully engineered prompts, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Luis Lazo , Hamed Jelodar , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically aligned for safety during the post-training phase; however, they may still generate inappropriate outputs that could potentially pose risks to users. This challenge underscores the need for robust…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Mahesh Kumar Nandwana , Youngwan Lim , Joseph Liu , Alex Yang , Varun Notibala , Nishchaie Khanna

Large Language Model (LLM) applications are vulnerable to prompt injection and context manipulation attacks that traditional security models cannot prevent. We introduce two novel primitives--authenticated prompts and authenticated…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Mohan Rajagopalan , Vinay Rao

System prompts that include detailed instructions to describe the task performed by the underlying LLM can easily transform foundation models into tools and services with minimal overhead. They are often considered intellectual property,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 David Pape , Sina Mavali , Thorsten Eisenhofer , Lea Schönherr

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly employ alignment techniques to prevent harmful outputs. Despite these safeguards, attackers can circumvent them by crafting prompts that induce LLMs to generate harmful content. Current methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Jiawei Lian , Jianhong Pan , Lefan Wang , Yi Wang , Shaohui Mei , Lap-Pui Chau

Large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to red teaming attacks, which can induce LLMs to generate harmful content. Previous research constructs attack prompts via manual or automatic methods, which have their own limitations on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Boyi Deng , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Yang Deng , Qifan Wang , Xiangnan He

Because "out-of-the-box" large language models are capable of generating a great deal of objectionable content, recent work has focused on aligning these models in an attempt to prevent undesirable generation. While there has been some…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Andy Zou , Zifan Wang , Nicholas Carlini , Milad Nasr , J. Zico Kolter , Matt Fredrikson

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLM) have emerged as pivotal tools in various applications. However, these models are susceptible to adversarial prompt attacks, where attackers can carefully curate input strings that mislead LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Zhengmian Hu , Gang Wu , Saayan Mitra , Ruiyi Zhang , Tong Sun , Heng Huang , Viswanathan Swaminathan

The capability of generating high-quality source code using large language models (LLMs) reduces software development time and costs. However, they often introduce security vulnerabilities due to training on insecure open-source data. This…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-09-20 Mahmoud Nazzal , Issa Khalil , Abdallah Khreishah , NhatHai Phan

Adversarial prompts generated using gradient-based methods exhibit outstanding performance in performing automatic jailbreak attacks against safety-aligned LLMs. Nevertheless, due to the discrete nature of texts, the input gradient of LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

Textual backdoor attacks present a substantial security risk to Large Language Models (LLM). It embeds carefully chosen triggers into a victim model at the training stage, and makes the model erroneously predict inputs containing the same…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Xinglin Li , Xianwen He , Yao Li , Minhao Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki