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Large Language Models (LLMs), though shown to be effective in many applications, can vary significantly in their response quality. In this paper, we investigate this problem of prompt fairness: specifically, the phrasing of a prompt by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

Pretrained multilingual models exhibit the same social bias as models processing English texts. This systematic review analyzes emerging research that extends bias evaluation and mitigation approaches into multilingual and non-English…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Lance Calvin Lim Gamboa , Yue Feng , Mark Lee

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of applications, they have also been observed to perpetuate unwanted biases present in the training data, potentially leading to harm for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Schrasing Tong , Eliott Zemour , Jessica Lu , Rawisara Lohanimit , Lalana Kagal

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes hiring applications, making decisions that directly impact people's careers and livelihoods. While prior studies suggest simple anti-bias prompts can eliminate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Adam Karvonen , Samuel Marks

Warning: This paper contains examples of stereotypes and biases. Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit considerable social biases, and various studies have tried to evaluate and mitigate these biases accurately. Previous studies use…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-04 Rem Hida , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Modern language models are trained on large amounts of data. These data inevitably include controversial and stereotypical content, which contains all sorts of biases related to gender, origin, age, etc. As a result, the models express…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Aleksandra Sorokovikova , Pavel Chizhov , Iuliia Eremenko , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various applications, assessing the influence of gender biases embedded in LLMs becomes crucial. The topic of gender bias within the realm of natural language processing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-04 Jinman Zhao , Yitian Ding , Chen Jia , Yining Wang , Zifan Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly shape public discourse, yet most evaluations of political and economic bias have focused on high-resource, Western languages and contexts. This leaves critical blind spots in low-resource,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Afrozah Nadeem , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated a superior ability to serve as ranking models. However, concerns have arisen as LLMs will exhibit discriminatory ranking behaviors based on users' sensitive attributes (\eg gender).…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-09-26 Chen Xu , Wenjie Wang , Yuxin Li , Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Tat-Seng Chua

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) already achieve state-of-the-art results across a wide range of tasks and modalities. To push their reasoning ability further, recent studies explore advanced prompting schemes and post-training…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Zhenyu Pan , Yutong Zhang , Jianshu Zhang , Haoran Lu , Haozheng Luo , Yuwei Han , Philip S. Yu , Manling Li , Han Liu

Drawing on constructs from psychology, prior work has identified a distinction between explicit and implicit bias in large language models (LLMs). While many LLMs undergo post-training alignment and safety procedures to avoid expressions of…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Molly Apsel , Michael N. Jones

Large language models (LLMs) can pass explicit social bias tests but still harbor implicit biases, similar to humans who endorse egalitarian beliefs yet exhibit subtle biases. Measuring such implicit biases can be a challenge: as LLMs…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Xuechunzi Bai , Angelina Wang , Ilia Sucholutsky , Thomas L. Griffiths

As Large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into our lives, their inherent social biases remain a pressing concern. Detecting and evaluating these biases can be challenging because they are often implicit rather than…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Katherine Abramski , Giulio Rossetti , Massimo Stella

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence, particularly in Large Language Models (LLMs), have transformed natural language processing by improving generative capabilities. However, detecting biases embedded within these models remains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Suvendu Mohanty

With the introduction of (large) language models, there has been significant concern about the unintended bias such models may inherit from their training data. A number of studies have shown that such models propagate gender stereotypes,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Rameez Qureshi , Naïm Es-Sebbani , Luis Galárraga , Yvette Graham , Miguel Couceiro , Zied Bouraoui

Social biases can manifest in language agency. However, very limited research has investigated such biases in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated content. In addition, previous works often rely on string-matching techniques to identify…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Yixin Wan , Kai-Wei Chang

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts, understanding their behavior in both factual and disputable scenarios is essential, especially when their outputs may shape public…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Sean Kim , Hyuhng Joon Kim

This paper presents a systematic analysis of biases in open-source Large Language Models (LLMs), across gender, religion, and race. Our study evaluates bias in smaller-scale Llama and Gemma models using the SALT ($\textbf{S}$ocial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Samee Arif , Zohaib Khan , Maaidah Kaleem , Suhaib Rashid , Agha Ali Raza , Awais Athar

Social biases inherent in large language models (LLMs) raise significant fairness concerns. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architectures, which retrieve external knowledge sources to enhance the generative capabilities of LLMs, remain…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Shweta Parihar , Lu Cheng