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Continuous control of non-stationary environments is a major challenge for deep reinforcement learning algorithms. The time-dependency of the state transition dynamics aggravates the notorious stability problems of model-free deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Abdullah Akgül , Gulcin Baykal , Manuel Haußmann , Melih Kandemir

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a prominent paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the entropy of LLMs usually collapses during RLVR training, leading…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Renren Jin , Pengzhi Gao , Yuqi Ren , Zhuowen Han , Tongxuan Zhang , Wuwei Huang , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Deyi Xiong

Reinforcement Learning, particularly through policy gradient methods, has played a central role in enabling reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models. However, the optimization stability of policy gradients in this setting remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Luckeciano C. Melo , Alessandro Abate , Yarin Gal

Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) and its variants dominate Multi-Task Reinforcement Learning (MTRL) due to their off-policy sample efficiency, while on-policy methods such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) remain underexplored. We diagnose that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Yuanpeng Li , Gefei Lin , Annie Qu , Rui Miao

Entropy regularization is an efficient technique for encouraging exploration and preventing a premature convergence of (vanilla) policy gradient methods in reinforcement learning (RL). However, the theoretical understanding of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Yuhao Ding , Junzi Zhang , Hyunin Lee , Javad Lavaei

In real-world applications of reinforcement learning (RL), noise from inherent stochasticity of environments is inevitable. However, current policy evaluation algorithms, which plays a key role in many RL algorithms, are either prone to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-06-19 Tadashi Kozuno , Dongqi Han , Kenji Doya

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained attention for aligning large language models (LLMs) via reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). The actor-only variants of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) are widely applied for their…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2025-12-19 Yin Liu , Qiming Dai , Junyu Zhang , Zaiwen Wen

Existing Maximum-Entropy (MaxEnt) Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods for continuous action spaces are typically formulated based on actor-critic frameworks and optimized through alternating steps of policy evaluation and policy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Chen-Hao Chao , Chien Feng , Wei-Fang Sun , Cheng-Kuang Lee , Simon See , Chun-Yi Lee

Aligning large language models (LLMs) on domain-specific data remains a fundamental challenge. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) offers a straightforward way to inject domain knowledge but often degrades the model's generality. In contrast,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Linxuan Xia , Xiaolong Yang , Yongyuan Chen , Enyue Zhao , Deng Cai , Yasheng Wang , Boxi Wu

A key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL) is managing the exploration-exploitation trade-off without sacrificing sample efficiency. Policy gradient (PG) methods excel in exploitation through fine-grained, gradient-based optimization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-18 Zelal Su "Lain" Mustafaoglu , Keshav Pingali , Risto Miikkulainen

Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has been widely used for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). A core challenge in RLVR involves managing the exchange between entropy and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Jia Deng , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Many failures in deep continual and reinforcement learning are associated with increasing magnitudes of the weights, making them hard to change and potentially causing overfitting. While many methods address these learning failures, they…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Mohamed Elsayed , Qingfeng Lan , Clare Lyle , A. Rupam Mahmood

Reinforcement learning for control over continuous spaces typically uses high-entropy stochastic policies, such as Gaussian distributions, for local exploration and estimating policy gradient to optimize performance. Many robotic control…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Ya-Chien Chang , Sicun Gao

Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) RL maximizes a combination of the original task reward and an entropy reward. It is believed that the regularization imposed by entropy, on both policy improvement and policy evaluation, together contributes to good…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-01 Haonan Yu , Haichao Zhang , Wei Xu

Various methods for solving the inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problem have been developed independently in machine learning and economics. In particular, the method of Maximum Causal Entropy IRL is based on the perspective of entropy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-03-05 Navyata Sanghvi , Shinnosuke Usami , Mohit Sharma , Joachim Groeger , Kris Kitani

Generalization and adaptation of learned skills to novel situations is a core requirement for intelligent autonomous robots. Although contextual reinforcement learning provides a principled framework for learning and generalization of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-08 Pascal Klink , Hany Abdulsamad , Boris Belousov , Jan Peters

Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm employing a clipped surrogate objective (PPO-Clip) is a prominent exemplar of the policy optimization methods. However, despite its remarkable empirical success, PPO-Clip lacks theoretical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Nai-Chieh Huang , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Kuo-Hao Ho , I-Chen Wu

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is one of the most successful deep reinforcement-learning methods, achieving state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of challenging tasks. However, its optimization behavior is still far from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-15 Yuhui Wang , Hao He , Chao Wen , Xiaoyang Tan

Real-world reinforcement learning often faces environment drift, but most existing methods rely on static entropy coefficients/target entropy, causing over-exploration during stable periods and under-exploration after drift, and leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Tongxi Wang , Zhuoyang Xia , Xinran Chen , Shan Liu

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a promising framework for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. However, existing approaches such as GRPO often suffer from zero gradients. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Shihui Yang , Chengfeng Dou , Peidong Guo , Kai Lu , Qiang Ju , Fei Deng , Rihui Xin