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Autoregressive Transformer KV caches grow linearly with context length; sliding-window caching bounds memory but discards evicted tokens entirely, so relevant evidence outside the window becomes inaccessible. We introduce \emph{Tensor…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Kabir Swain , Sijie Han , Daniel Karl I. Weidele , Mauro Martino , Antonio Torralba

For the efficient inference of Large Language Models (LLMs), the effective compression of key-value (KV) cache is essential. Three main types of KV cache compression techniques, namely sparsity, channel compression, and quantization, have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Hong Yankun , Li Xing , Zhen Hui-Ling , Yu Xianzhi , Liu Wulong , Yuan Mingxuan

In this study, we investigate whether attention-based information flow inside large language models (LLMs) is aggregated through noticeable patterns for long context processing. Our observations reveal that LLMs aggregate information…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Zefan Cai , Yichi Zhang , Bofei Gao , Yuliang Liu , Yucheng Li , Tianyu Liu , Keming Lu , Wayne Xiong , Yue Dong , Junjie Hu , Wen Xiao

KV cache has traditionally been stored in GPU memory to accelerate the decoding phase of large language model (LLM) inference. However, it is increasingly necessary to move KV caches outside GPU devices, to enable cache reuse across…

Persistent key-value (KV) stores mostly build on the Log-Structured Merge (LSM) tree for high write performance, yet the LSM-tree suffers from the inherently high I/O amplification. KV separation mitigates I/O amplification by storing only…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2019-06-18 Yongkun Li , Helen H. W. Chan , Patrick P. C. Lee , Yinlong Xu

Multi-agent LLM systems on edge devices need to hand off latent context efficiently, but the practical choices today are expensive re-prefill or full-precision KV transfer. We study QKVShare, a framework for quantized KV-cache handoff…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Pratik Honavar , Tejpratap GVSL

Efficiently serving Large Language Models (LLMs) with persistent Prefix Key-Value (KV) Cache is critical for applications like conversational search and multi-turn dialogue. Serving a request requires loading the pre-computed prefix KV…

操作系统 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Jing Zou , Shangyu Wu , Hancong Duan , Qiao Li , Chun Jason Xue

Edge deployment of large language models (LLMs) can reduce latency for interactive services, but mobility introduces service interruptions when an user equipment (UE) hands over between base stations (BSs). To promptly resume decoding, the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-31 Seunghun Lee , Jihong Park , Ce Zheng , Hyuncheol Park

Cost of serving large language models (LLM) is high, but the expensive and scarce GPUs are poorly efficient when generating tokens sequentially, unless the batch of sequences is enlarged. However, the batch size is limited by some…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-03-19 Jiaao He , Jidong Zhai

Large language models have revolutionized data processing in numerous domains, with their ability to handle extended context reasoning receiving notable recognition. To speed up inference, maintaining a key-value (KV) cache memory is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Zhen Yang , J. N. Han , Kan Wu , Ruobing Xie , An Wang , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) serving systems commonly employ KV-cache compression to reduce memory footprint. However, existing compression methods introduce significant processing overhead and queuing delays, particularly in…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Jianian Zhu , Hang Wu , Haojie Wang , Yinghui Li , Biao Hou , Ruixuan Li , Jidong Zhai

Traditional KV cache eviction strategies, which discard less critical KV-pairs based on attention scores, often degrade generation quality, causing context loss or hallucinations. Recent efforts shift toward KV merging, merging eviction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Kunxi Li , Yufan Xiong , Zhonghua Jiang , Yiyun Zhou , Zhaode Wang , Chengfei Lv , Shengyu Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications requiring long context lengths, but the key-value (KV) cache often becomes a memory bottleneck on GPUs as context grows. To address this, we propose Commutative Vector…

Key-Value (KV) cache plays a crucial role in accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs) by storing intermediate attention states and avoiding redundant computation during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuzhen Mao , Qitong Wang , Martin Ester , Ke Li

The Key-Value (KV) cache introduces substantial memory overhead during large language model (LLM) inference. Although existing vector quantization (VQ) methods reduce KV cache usage and provide flexible representational capacity across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Dingyu Yao , Chenxu Yang , Zhengyang Tong , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Weiping Wang

Long-horizon LLM inference turns the key--value (KV) cache into the dominant GPU memory consumer and makes per-token attention increasingly expensive. Many common eviction policies use static recency windows or historical attention, leaving…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Yubo Li , Yidi Miao

KV cache memory is the dominant bottleneck for long-context LLM inference. Existing compression methods each act on a single axis of the four-dimensional KV tensor -- token eviction (sequence), quantization (precision), low-rank projection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Libo Sun , Peixiong He , Po-Wei Harn , Xiao Qin

The KV cache in self-attention has emerged as a major bottleneck in long-context and large-batch inference for LLMs. Existing approaches often treat sparsity prediction and compression as separate modules, relying on auxiliary index…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Xu Yang , Jiapeng Zhang , Dongyang Zhao , Guo Chen , Zhuo Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in generating text, images, and video content. However, as context length grows, the computational cost of attention increases quadratically with the number of tokens,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Neusha Javidnia , Bita Darvish Rouhani , Farinaz Koushanfar

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi