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Test-time augmentation -- the aggregation of predictions across transformed examples of test inputs -- is an established technique to improve the performance of image classification models. Importantly, TTA can be used to improve model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-29 Helen Lu , Divya Shanmugam , Harini Suresh , John Guttag

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

Recently, test-time adaptation has garnered attention as a method for tuning models without labeled data. The conventional modus operandi for adapting pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs) during test-time primarily focuses on tuning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Raza Imam , Asif Hanif , Jian Zhang , Khaled Waleed Dawoud , Yova Kementchedjhieva , Mohammad Yaqub

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have become prominent in open-world image recognition for their strong generalization abilities. Yet, their effectiveness in practical applications is compromised by domain shifts and distributional changes,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Qiyuan Dai , Sibei Yang

Domain shift is a common problem in the realistic world, where training data and test data follow different data distributions. To deal with this problem, fully test-time adaptation (TTA) leverages the unlabeled data encountered during test…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-04-29 Guoliang Lin , Hanjiang Lai , Yan Pan , Jian Yin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Minguk Jang , Hye Won Chung

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adapting neural networks to distribution shifts, with access to only the unlabeled test samples from the new domain at test-time. Prior TTA methods optimize over unsupervised objectives such as the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-24 Sachin Goyal , Mingjie Sun , Aditi Raghunathan , Zico Kolter

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve model generalizability when test data diverges from training distribution, offering the distinct advantage of not requiring access to training data and processes, especially valuable in the context…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Yige Yuan , Bingbing Xu , Liang Hou , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Learning from feedback has been shown to enhance the alignment between text prompts and images in text-to-image diffusion models. However, due to the lack of focus in feedback content, especially regarding the object type and quantity,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Xuexiang Niu , Jinping Tang , Lei Wang , Ge Zhu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique used to reduce distribution gaps between the training and testing sets by leveraging unlabeled test data during inference. In this work, we expand TTA to a more practical scenario, where the test…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-06 Chenyan Wu , Yimu Pan , Yandong Li , James Z. Wang

Domain adaptation (DA) techniques help deep learning models generalize across data shifts for point cloud semantic segmentation (PCSS). Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows direct adaptation of a pre-trained model to unlabeled data during…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Puzuo Wang , Wei Yao , Jie Shao , Zhiyi He

Vision-Language Models seamlessly discriminate among arbitrary semantic categories, yet they still suffer from poor generalization when presented with challenging examples. For this reason, Episodic Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) strategies…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Matteo Farina , Gianni Franchi , Giovanni Iacca , Massimiliano Mancini , Elisa Ricci

Deep learning models perform poorly when domain shifts exist between training and test data. Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a paradigm to mitigate this issue by adapting pre-trained models using only unlabeled test samples. However, existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Taeckyung Lee , Sorn Chottananurak , Junsu Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Taesik Gong , Sung-Ju Lee

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to fine-tune a trained model online using unlabeled testing data to adapt to new environments or out-of-distribution data, demonstrating broad application potential in real-world scenarios. However, in this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Qi Deng , Shuaicheng Niu , Ronghao Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Runhao Zeng , Jian Chen , Xiping Hu

Test-time adaptation (TTA) effectively counters distribution shifts but exposes models to adversarial manipulation via the unlabeled test stream. Existing class-wise targeted attacks remain impractical for stealthy exploitation in this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Phuc Duc Nguyen , Quang Duc Nguyen

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) offers a practical solution for deploying image segmentation models under domain shift without accessing source data or retraining. Among existing TTA strategies, pseudo-label-based methods have shown promising…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Jianghao Wu , Xiangde Luo , Yubo Zhou , Lianming Wu , Guotai Wang , Shaoting Zhang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique aimed at enhancing the generalization performance of models by leveraging unlabeled samples solely during prediction. Given the need for robustness in neural network systems when faced with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-07 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a model, initially trained on training data, to test data with potential distribution shifts. Most existing TTA methods focus on classification problems. The pronounced success of classification…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-04 Chang'an Yi , Haotian Chen , Yifan Zhang , Yonghui Xu , Yan Zhou , Lizhen Cui

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang