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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) remains a computational bottleneck due to their scale and memory demands. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques, including LoRA, BOFT,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Haomin Qi , Zihan Dai , Chengbo Huang

The scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) for retrieval-based tasks, particularly in Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), faces significant memory constraints, especially when fine-tuning extensive prompt sequences. Current open-source…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-20 Anique Tahir , Lu Cheng , Huan Liu

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-03 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-07 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

This study proposes a simple yet effective LoRA merge method to achieve LLM adaptation for low-resource language generation tasks. The LoRA merge technique, which integrates multiple LoRA modules trained on different tasks, has gained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Ryota Miyano , Yuki Arase

Large language models are often adapted using parameter-efficient techniques such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), formulated as $y = W_0x + BAx$, where $W_0$ is the pre-trained parameters and $x$ is the input to the adapted layer. While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Hao Ban , Kaiyi Ji

Finetuning Large Language Models helps improve the results for domain-specific use cases. End-to-end finetuning of large language models is time and resource intensive and has high storage requirements to store the finetuned version of the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-07-12 Kunal Suri , Prakhar Mishra , Saumajit Saha , Atul Singh

Fine-tuning is a key approach for adapting language models to specific downstream tasks, but updating all model parameters becomes impractical as model sizes increase. Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, such as Low-Rank…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Jiayang Yu , Yihang Zhang , Bin Wang , Peiqin Lin , Yongkang Liu , Shi Feng

Personalization in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important, aiming to align the LLMs' interactions, content, and recommendations with individual user preferences. Recent advances have highlighted effective prompt design by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Zhaoxuan Tan , Qingkai Zeng , Yijun Tian , Zheyuan Liu , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

A long-standing challenge in developing accurate recommendation models is simulating user behavior, mainly due to the complex and stochastic nature of user interactions. Towards this, one promising line of work has been the use of Large…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Himanshu Thakur , Eshani Agrawal , Smruthi Mukund

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized natural language processing, enabling unprecedented capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, the computational cost and convergence times associated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Kerim Büyükakyüz

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks via full fine-tuning is increasingly impractical due to its computational and memory demands. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) approaches such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jing Gao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Pan Zhang , Ze-Feng Gao

Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems are increasingly taking the form of sophisticated modular pipelines, e.g., Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), where each module may involve a distinct Language Model (LM) and an associated prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Dilara Soylu , Christopher Potts , Omar Khattab

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs, revolutionizing the natural language processing domain and beyond. Due to immense parameter sizes, fine-tuning these models with private data for diverse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Zheng Lin , Yuxin Zhang , Zhe Chen , Zihan Fang , Xianhao Chen , Praneeth Vepakomma , Wei Ni , Jun Luo , Yue Gao

Various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques have been proposed to enable computationally efficient fine-tuning while maintaining model performance. However, existing PEFT methods are still limited by the growing number of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Yifan Yang , Jiajun Zhou , Ngai Wong , Zheng Zhang

To enhance the performance of large language models (LLM) on downstream tasks, one solution is to fine-tune certain LLM parameters and make it better align with the characteristics of the training dataset. This process is commonly known as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Chao Gao , Sai Qian Zhang

Recent literature on fine-tuning Large Language Models highlights a fundamental debate. While Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) provides the representational plasticity required for high-entropy knowledge injection, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Haozhan Tang , Xiuqi Zhu , Xinyin Zhang , Boxun Li , Virginia Smith , Kevin Kuo

Recent advancements in image generation models have enabled personalized image creation with both user-defined subjects (content) and styles. Prior works achieved personalization by merging corresponding low-rank adapters (LoRAs) through…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Donald Shenaj , Ondrej Bohdal , Mete Ozay , Pietro Zanuttigh , Umberto Michieli

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences is essential for safe and useful LLMs. Previous works mainly adopt reinforcement learning (RLHF) and direct preference optimization (DPO) with human feedback for alignment.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Tianci Xue , Ziqi Wang , Heng Ji

Large language models has catalyzed the development of personalized dialogue systems, numerous role-playing conversational agents have emerged. While previous research predominantly focused on enhancing the model's capability to follow…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-18 Yuxuan Huang