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The IEC 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) protocol plays a critical role in real-time protection and automation of digital substations, yet its lack of native security mechanisms can expose power systems to…
The IEC-61850 GOOSE protocol underpins time-critical communication in modern digital substations but lacks native security mechanisms, leaving it vulnerable to replay, masquerade, and data injection attacks. Intrusion detection in this…
The digital transformation of power systems is accelerating the adoption of IEC 61850 standard. However, its communication protocols, including Sampled Values (SV), lack built-in security features such as authentication and encryption,…
Substation Automation Systems (SAS) that adhere to the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard have already been widely implemented across various on-site local substations. However, the digitalization of substations,…
In recent years, critical infrastructure and power grids have experienced a series of cyber-attacks, leading to temporary, widespread blackouts of considerable magnitude. Since most substations are unmanned and have limited physical…
Smart grids are increasingly exposed to sophisticated cyber threats due to their reliance on interconnected communication networks, as demonstrated by real world incidents such as the cyberattacks on the Ukrainian power grid. In IEC61850…
Innovative solutions to cyber security issues are shaped by the ever-changing landscape of cyber threats. Automating the mitigation of these threats can be achieved through a new methodology that addresses the domain of mitigation…
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) is a 5G-enabling solution that aims to bring cloud-computing capabilities closer to the end-users. This paper focuses on mitigation techniques against Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks in the…
A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) testbed serves as a powerful platform for testing and validating cyber intrusion detection and mitigation strategies in substations. This study presents the design and development of a CPS testbed that can…
An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is a software that monitors a single or a network of computers for malicious activities (attacks) that are aimed at stealing or censoring information or corrupting network protocols. Most techniques used…
The occurrences of cyber attacks on the power grids have been increasing every year, with novel attack techniques emerging every year. In this paper, we address the critical challenge of detecting novel/zero-day attacks in digital…
Present-day developments, in electrical power transmission and distribution, require considerations of the status quo. In other meaning, international regulations enforce increasing of reliability and reducing of environment impact,…
Critical infrastructure increasingly relies on interconnected cyber-physical systems whose security incidents can escalate rapidly into safety and operational failures. Existing decision-support approaches struggle to support real-time…
This paper presents a novel approach to intrusion detection by integrating traditional signature-based methods with the contextual understanding capabilities of the GPT-2 Large Language Model (LLM). As cyber threats become increasingly…
Cybersecurity is one of the foremost challenges facing the world of cloud computing. Recently, the widespread adoption of smart devices in cloud computing environments that provide Internet-based services has become prevalent. Therefore, it…
Defense mechanisms against network-level attacks are commonly based on the use of cryptographic techniques, such as message authentication codes that provide data integrity guarantees. However, such mechanisms require significant resources,…
This paper assesses the resilience of IEC 61850 digital substations under False Data Injection Attacks (FDIAs) targeting the Sampled Values (SV) protocol. The multicast nature of SV, while enabling time-critical automation, exposes…
While the digitization of power distribution grids brings many benefits, it also introduces new vulnerabilities for cyber-attacks. To maintain secure operations in the emerging threat landscape, detecting and implementing countermeasures…
Cloud computing environments are increasingly vulnerable to security threats such as distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and SQL injection. Traditional security mechanisms, based on rule matching and feature recognition, struggle…
The rapid proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has created an urgent demand for adaptive, resource-efficient Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) capable of handling dynamic and evolving cyber threats. This paper investigates…