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We study sequential decision-making with offline reinforcement learning (RL). Traditional offline RL policies may result in out-of-distribution (OOD) actions when training relies only on sparse offline representations. To ensure safe…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Aysin Tumay , Jiahe Huang , Elise Jortberg , Rose Yu

In the field of online reinforcement learning (RL), traditional Gaussian policies and flow-based methods are often constrained by their unimodal expressiveness, complex gradient clipping, or stringent trust-region requirements. Moreover,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Qi Zhang

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as an effective and lightweight framework for post-training visual generative models. However, its performance is fundamentally limited by the ambiguity of textual visual correspondence:…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Ruiying Liu , Yuanzhi Liang , Haibin Huang , Tianshu Yu , Chi Zhang

This paper provides a self-contained, from-scratch, exposition of key algorithms for instruction tuning of models: SFT, Rejection Sampling, REINFORCE, Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO), Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), Group…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-22 Rohit Patel

Post-training plays a crucial role in refining and aligning large language models to meet specific tasks and human preferences. While recent advancements in post-training techniques, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO),…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Kaichen Zhang , Yuzhong Hong , Junwei Bao , Hongfei Jiang , Yang Song , Dingqian Hong , Hui Xiong

Proximal policy optimization (PPO) has yielded state-of-the-art results in policy search, a subfield of reinforcement learning, with one of its key points being the use of a surrogate objective function to restrict the step size at each…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-07 Wangshu Zhu , Andre Rosendo

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has significantly advanced the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs), particularly in their mathemat ical reasoning performance. However, GRPO and related entropy regularization methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Xingyu Lin , Yilin Wen , Du Su , Jinchang Hou , En Wang , Wenbin Liu , Chenfu Bao , Zhonghou Lv

Recent advances in constrained reinforcement learning (RL) have endowed reinforcement learning with certain safety guarantees. However, deploying existing constrained RL algorithms in continuous control tasks with general hard constraints…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Shutong Ding , Jingya Wang , Yali Du , Ye Shi

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) enhances policy learning by computing gradients from relative comparisons among candidate outputs that share a common input prefix. Despite its effectiveness, GRPO introduces substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-09 Zikang Liu , Tongtian Yue , Yepeng Tang , Longteng Guo , Junxian Cai , Qingbin Liu , Xi Chen , Jing Liu

Model-free reinforcement learning algorithms have seen remarkable progress, but key challenges remain. Trust Region Policy Optimization (TRPO) is known for ensuring monotonic policy improvement through conservative updates within a trust…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Zhengpeng Xie , Qiang Zhang , Fan Yang , Marco Hutter , Renjing Xu

Diffusion language models (DLMs) enable parallel, order-agnostic generation with iterative refinement, offering a flexible alternative to autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, adapting reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Kevin Rojas , Jiahe Lin , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Molei Tao , Wei Deng

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) significantly enhances the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, this success heavily relies on expensive external verifiers or human rules. Such dependency not only leads…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Nonghai Zhang , Weitao Ma , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu

Many optimization problems suffer from noise, and nonlinearity check-based decomposition methods (e.g. Differential Grouping) will completely fail to detect the interactions between variables in multiplicative noisy environments, thus, it…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2022-09-07 Rui Zhong , Masaharu Munetomo

The advantage function is a central concept in RL that helps reduce variance in policy gradient estimates. For language modeling, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) was proposed to use the within-group sample mean as a baseline for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Hu Wang , Congbo Ma , Ian Reid , Mohammad Yaqub

Improving the alignment of language models with human preferences remains an active research challenge. Previous approaches have primarily utilized Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) via online RL methods such as Proximal…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-25 Tianqi Liu , Yao Zhao , Rishabh Joshi , Misha Khalman , Mohammad Saleh , Peter J. Liu , Jialu Liu

Subject-driven image generation models face a fundamental trade-off between identity preservation (fidelity) and prompt adherence (editability). While online reinforcement learning (RL), specifically GPRO, offers a promising solution, we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Ziwei Huang , Ying Shu , Hao Fang , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang , Qiushi Guo , Tiezheng Ge , Leilei Gan

This paper introduces Group Sequence Policy Optimization (GSPO), our stable, efficient, and performant reinforcement learning algorithm for training large language models. Unlike previous algorithms that adopt token-level importance ratios,…

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has recently shown strong performance in post-training large language models and vision-language models. It raises a question of whether the GRPO also significantly promotes the test-time adaptation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Yujun Li , Hongyuan Zhang , Yuan Yuan

Multi-Agent Proximal Policy Optimization (MAPPO) is a variant of the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm, specifically tailored for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). MAPPO optimizes cooperative multi-agent settings by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Changha Lee , Gyusang Cho

We propose a successive convex approximation based off-policy optimization (SCAOPO) algorithm to solve the general constrained reinforcement learning problem, which is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-04-20 Chang Tian , An Liu , Guang Huang , Wu Luo