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Large language models (LLMs) can "lie", which we define as outputting false statements despite "knowing" the truth in a demonstrable sense. LLMs might "lie", for example, when instructed to output misinformation. Here, we develop a simple…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionised natural language processing, exhibiting impressive human-like capabilities. In particular, LLMs are capable of "lying", knowingly outputting false statements. Hence, it is of interest and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Lennart Bürger , Fred A. Hamprecht , Boaz Nadler

Mechanistic approaches to deception in large language models (LLMs) often rely on "lie detectors", that is, truth probes trained to identify internal representations of model outputs as false. The lie detector approach to LLM deception…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Tom-Felix Berger

In our era of widespread false information, human fact-checkers often face the challenge of duplicating efforts when verifying claims that may have already been addressed in other countries or languages. As false information transcends…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Simon Ostermann , Tatiana Anikina , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold significant potential for advancing fact-checking by leveraging their capabilities in reasoning, evidence retrieval, and explanation generation. However, existing benchmarks fail to comprehensively evaluate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Shuo Yang , Yuqin Dai , Guoqing Wang , Xinran Zheng , Jinfeng Xu , Jinze Li , Zhenzhe Ying , Weiqiang Wang , Edith C. H. Ngai

Language Models (LMs) may acquire harmful knowledge, and yet feign ignorance of these topics when under audit. Inspired by the recent discovery of deception-related behaviour patterns in LMs, we aim to train classifiers that detect when a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Dhananjay Ashok , Ruth-Ann Armstrong , Jonathan May

Like a criminal under investigation, Large Language Models (LLMs) might pretend to be aligned while evaluated and misbehave when they have a good opportunity. Can current interpretability methods catch these 'alignment fakers?' To answer…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-14 Joshua Clymer , Caden Juang , Severin Field

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable and agentic, the requirement for trust in their outputs grows significantly, yet at the same time concerns have been mounting that models may learn to lie in pursuit of their goals. To…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance in various tasks, one of their most prominent drawbacks is generating inaccurate or false information with a confident tone. In this paper, we provide evidence that the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-18 Amos Azaria , Tom Mitchell

Large Language Models (LLMs) have impressive capabilities, but are prone to outputting falsehoods. Recent work has developed techniques for inferring whether a LLM is telling the truth by training probes on the LLM's internal activations.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Samuel Marks , Max Tegmark

Recently Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved considerable advancements in vision-language tasks, yet produce potentially harmful or untrustworthy content. Despite substantial work investigating the trustworthiness of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Yanxu Zhu , Shitong Duan , Xiangxu Zhang , Jitao Sang , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Xiao Zhou , Jing Yao , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown that they can answer questions requiring complex reasoning. However, their ability to identify and respond to text containing logical fallacies or deliberately misleading premises…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Zenan Zhai , Hao Li , Xudong Han , Zhenxuan Zhang , Yixuan Zhang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

We find that language models have difficulties generating fallacious and deceptive reasoning. When asked to generate deceptive outputs, language models tend to leak honest counterparts but believe them to be false. Exploiting this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Yue Zhou , Henry Peng Zou , Barbara Di Eugenio , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to be unreliable in the factuality of their answers. To address this problem, NLP researchers have proposed a range of techniques to estimate LLM's confidence over facts. However, due to the lack of a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Matéo Mahaut , Laura Aina , Paula Czarnowska , Momchil Hardalov , Thomas Müller , Lluís Màrquez

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised increasing concerns about their misuse in generating hate speech. Among all the efforts to address this issue, hate speech detectors play a crucial role. However, the effectiveness of different…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

The remarkable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have not rendered them immune to challenges, particularly in the context of handling deceptive information in prompts, thus producing hallucinated responses under such…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-24 Yusu Qian , Haotian Zhang , Yinfei Yang , Zhe Gan

Large language models sometimes produce false or misleading responses. Two approaches to this problem are honesty elicitation -- modifying prompts or weights so that the model answers truthfully -- and lie detection -- classifying whether a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Helena Casademunt , Bartosz Cywiński , Khoi Tran , Arya Jakkli , Samuel Marks , Neel Nanda

People are regularly confronted with potentially deceptive statements (e.g., fake news, misleading product reviews, or lies about activities). Only few works on automated text-based deception detection have exploited the potential of deep…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-07 Loukas Ilias , Felix Soldner , Bennett Kleinberg

Despite their widespread use in fact-checking, moderation, and high-stakes decision-making, large language models (LLMs) remain poorly understood as judges of truth. This study presents the largest evaluation to date of LLMs' veracity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Emilio Barkett , Olivia Long , Madhavendra Thakur

Existing studies on bias mitigation methods for large language models (LLMs) use diverse baselines and metrics to evaluate debiasing performance, leading to inconsistent comparisons among them. Moreover, their evaluations are mostly based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Xin Xu , Xunzhi He , Churan Zhi , Ruizhe Chen , Julian McAuley , Zexue He
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