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Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have successfully demonstrated the emergence of reasoning capabilities via reinforcement learning (RL). Although recent efforts leverage group relative policy optimization (GRPO) for MLLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Shilin Xu , Yanwei Li , Rui Yang , Tao Zhang , Yueyi Sun , Wei Chow , Linfeng Li , Hang Song , Qi Xu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Hao Fei

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly trained with reinforcement learning (RL) to enhance their ability to interact with external environments through tool use, particularly in search-based settings that require…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Guoqing Wang , Sunhao Dai , Guangze Ye , Zeyu Gan , Wei Yao , Yong Deng , Xiaofeng Wu , Zhenzhe Ying

Reinforcement learning (RL) has enhanced the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through reward-driven training. Nevertheless, this process can introduce excessively long responses, inflating inference latency and computational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Chang Liu , Yiran Zhao , Lawrence Liu , Yaoqi Ye , Csaba Szepesvári , Lin F. Yang

Recently, unified multimodal models (UMMs) have made remarkable progress in integrating visual understanding and generation, demonstrating strong potential for complex text-to-image (T2I) tasks. Despite their theoretical promise, a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Jiadong Pan , Liang Li , Yuxin Peng , Yu-Ming Tang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Qingming Huang , Haifeng Wang

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Multi-turn human-AI collaboration is fundamental to deploying interactive services such as adaptive tutoring, conversational recommendation, and professional consultation. However, optimizing these interactions via reinforcement learning is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Haoyu Wang , Yuxin Chen , Liang Luo , Buyun Zhang , Ellie Dingqiao Wen , Pan Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs), particularly for complex reasoning tasks, yet it often suffers from exploration collapse: policies prematurely concentrate on a small…

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Hexiong Yang , Jiajun Chai , Jie Cao , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, but often suffer from overthinking, generating redundant content regardless of task difficulty. Inspired by the dual process theory in cognitive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Xiaoxue Cheng , Junyi Li , Zhenduo Zhang , Xinyu Tang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Xinyu Kong , Zhiqiang Zhang

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have permitted the development of language-guided multi-robot systems, which allow robots to execute tasks based on natural language instructions. However, achieving effective coordination in…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Yoshiki Yano , Kazuki Shibata , Maarten Kokshoorn , Takamitsu Matsubara

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) on mathematics and programming tasks, but standard approaches that optimize single-attempt accuracy can inadvertently…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Devan Shah , Owen Yang , Daniel Yang , Chongyi Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach

Unsupervised reinforcement learning (URL) poses a promising paradigm to learn useful behaviors in a task-agnostic environment without the guidance of extrinsic rewards to facilitate the fast adaptation of various downstream tasks. Previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-23 Yifu Yuan , Jianye Hao , Fei Ni , Yao Mu , Yan Zheng , Yujing Hu , Jinyi Liu , Yingfeng Chen , Changjie Fan

Designing effective reward functions is a cornerstone of reinforcement learning (RL), yet it remains a challenging and labor-intensive process due to the inefficiencies and inconsistencies inherent in traditional methods. Existing methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Shentong Mo

Large reasoning models, such as OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1, tend to become increasingly verbose as their reasoning capabilities improve. These inflated Chain-of-Thought (CoT) trajectories often exceed what the underlying problems require,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Songtao Wei , Yi Li , Zhikai Li , Xu Hu , Yuede Ji , Guanpeng Li , Feng Chen , Carl Yang , Zhichun Guo , Bingzhe Li

DeepSeek R1 has significantly advanced complex reasoning for large language models (LLMs). While recent methods have attempted to replicate R1's reasoning capabilities in multimodal settings, they face limitations, including inconsistencies…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Zhehan Kan , Yanlin Liu , Kun Yin , Xinghua Jiang , Xin Li , Haoyu Cao , Yinsong Liu , Deqiang Jiang , Xing Sun , Qingmin Liao , Wenming Yang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for facilitating the self-improvement of large language models (LLMs), particularly in the domain of complex reasoning tasks. However,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Ziru Liu , Cheng Gong , Xinyu Fu , Yaofang Liu , Ran Chen , Shoubo Hu , Suiyun Zhang , Rui Liu , Qingfu Zhang , Dandan Tu

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing the complex reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, these methods are fundamentally constrained by the ''learning cliff''…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xichen Zhang , Sitong Wu , Yinghao Zhu , Haoru Tan , Shaozuo Yu , Ziyi He , Jiaya Jia

Prior work in multi-objective reinforcement learning typically uses linear reward scalarization with fixed weights, which provably fails to capture non-convex Pareto fronts and thus yields suboptimal results. This limitation becomes…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Yining Lu , Zilong Wang , Shiyang Li , Xin Liu , Changlong Yu , Qingyu Yin , Zhan Shi , Zixuan Zhang , Meng Jiang

In-context learning is a new learning paradigm where a language model conditions on a few input-output pairs (demonstrations) and a test input, and directly outputs the prediction. It has been shown highly dependent on the provided…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-17 Xiaonan Li , Kai Lv , Hang Yan , Tianyang Lin , Wei Zhu , Yuan Ni , Guotong Xie , Xiaoling Wang , Xipeng Qiu

Deep neural networks based on reinforcement learning (RL) for solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are developing rapidly and have shown a tendency to approach or even outperform traditional solvers. However, existing methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Chaoyang Wang , Pengzhi Cheng , Jingze Li , Weiwei Sun