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While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Existing methods, primarily relying on discrete input optimization (e.g., GCG), often suffer from high computational costs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Wenpeng Xing , Mohan Li , Chunqiang Hu , Haitao Xu , Ningyu Zhang , Bo Lin , Meng Han

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang

With the significant advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs), concerns about their potential misuse and abuse have grown rapidly. Previous studies have highlighted VLMs' vulnerability to jailbreak attacks, where carefully crafted…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Yu Wang , Xiaofei Zhou , Yichen Wang , Geyuan Zhang , Tianxing He

Intent-obfuscation-based jailbreak attacks on multimodal large language models (MLLMs) transform a harmful query into a concealed multimodal input to bypass safety mechanisms. We show that such attacks are governed by a…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Md Farhamdur Reza , Richeng Jin , Tianfu Wu , Huaiyu Dai

Large language models (LLMs) can still be jailbroken into producing harmful outputs despite safety alignment. Existing attacks show this vulnerability, but not the internal mechanisms that cause it. This study asks whether jailbreak success…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Nilanjana Das , Manas Gaur

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing tasks. Due to their training on internet-sourced datasets, LLMs can sometimes generate objectionable content, necessitating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-15 Leyang Hu , Boran Wang

Jailbreaking large-language models (LLMs) involves testing their robustness against adversarial prompts and evaluating their ability to withstand prompt attacks that could elicit unauthorized or malicious responses. In this paper, we…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Aman Goel , Xian Carrie Wu , Zhe Wang , Dmitriy Bespalov , Yanjun Qi

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge bases, improving output quality while introducing new security risks. Existing studies on RAG vulnerabilities typically focus on exploiting…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Pan Suo , Yu-Ming Shang , San-Chuan Guo , Xi Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are popular for high-quality text generation but can produce harmful content, even when aligned with human values through reinforcement learning. Adversarial prompts can bypass their safety measures. We propose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-03 Mansi Phute , Alec Helbling , Matthew Hull , ShengYun Peng , Sebastian Szyller , Cory Cornelius , Duen Horng Chau

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on a deluge of text data with limited quality control. As a result, LLMs can exhibit unintended or even harmful behaviours, such as leaking information, fake news or hate speech. Countermeasures,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Jingtong Su , Julia Kempe , Karen Ullrich

The recent advancements in Large Language Models(LLMs) have had a significant impact on a wide range of fields, from general domains to specialized areas. However, these advancements have also significantly increased the potential for…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Taegyeong Lee , Jeonghwa Yoo , Hyoungseo Cho , Soo Yong Kim , Yunho Maeng

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated the ability to interact with humans under real-world conditions by combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and modality encoders to align multimodal information (visual and auditory) with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Hao Yang , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Guardrails are critical for the safe deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs)-powered software. Unlike traditional rule-based systems with limited, predefined input-output spaces that inherently constrain unsafe behavior, LLMs enable…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Rui Yang , Michael Fu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Chetan Arora , Gunel Gulmammadova , Joey Chua

Jailbreak attacks are crucial for identifying and mitigating the security vulnerabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). They are designed to bypass safeguards and elicit prohibited outputs. However, due to significant differences among…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, but their deployment has exposed critical vulnerabilities, particularly to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety alignments. Guardrails--external defense mechanisms that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Wenxuan Wang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), used in creative writing, code generation, and translation, generate text based on input sequences but are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where crafted prompts induce harmful outputs. Most jailbreak prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Xiaoxia Li , Siyuan Liang , Jiyi Zhang , Han Fang , Aishan Liu , Ee-Chien Chang

As the integration of the Large Language Models (LLMs) into various applications increases, so does their susceptibility to misuse, raising significant security concerns. Numerous jailbreak attacks have been proposed to assess the security…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Bijoy Ahmed Saiem , MD Sadik Hossain Shanto , Rakib Ahsan , Md Rafi ur Rashid

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

In this study, we tackle a growing concern around the safety and ethical use of large language models (LLMs). Despite their potential, these models can be tricked into producing harmful or unethical content through various sophisticated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

We have uncovered a powerful jailbreak technique that leverages large language models' ability to diverge from prior context, enabling them to bypass safety constraints and generate harmful outputs. By simply instructing the LLM to deviate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Weiliang Zhao , Daniel Ben-Levi , Wei Hao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao