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Multi-bit watermarking (MW) has been designed to enhance resistance against watermarking attacks, such as signal processing operations and geometric distortions. Various benchmark tools exist to assess this robustness through simulated…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2025-05-06 Seung-Hun Nam , Jihyeon Kang , Daesik Kim , Namhyuk Ahn , Wonhyuk Ahn

As valuable digital assets, deep neural networks necessitate robust ownership protection, positioning neural network watermarking (NNW) as a promising solution. Among various NNW approaches, weight-based methods are favored for their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Yuan Yao , Jin Song , Jian Jin

To ensure the responsible distribution and use of open-source deep neural networks (DNNs), DNN watermarking has become a crucial technique to trace and verify unauthorized model replication or misuse. In practice, black-box watermarks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Huming Qiu , Mi Zhang , Junjie Sun , Peiyi Chen , Xiaohan Zhang , Min Yang

Language models (LMs) have emerged as critical intellectual property (IP) assets that necessitate protection. Although various watermarking strategies have been proposed, they remain vulnerable to Linear Functionality Equivalence Attack…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Haodong Zhao , Jinming Hu , Peixuan Li , Fangqi Li , Jinrui Sha , Tianjie Ju , Peixuan Chen , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

Well-performed deep neural networks (DNNs) generally require massive labelled data and computational resources for training. Various watermarking techniques are proposed to protect such intellectual properties (IPs), wherein the DNN…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-04 Xiangyu Wen , Yu Li , Wei Jiang , Qiang Xu

Model watermarking utilizes internal representations to protect the ownership of large language models (LLMs). However, these features inevitably undergo complex distortions during realistic model modifications such as fine-tuning,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Zikang Ding , Junhao Li , Suling Wu , Junchi Yao , Hongbo Liu , Lijie Hu

Text watermarking technology aims to tag and identify content produced by large language models (LLMs) to prevent misuse. In this study, we introduce the concept of cross-lingual consistency in text watermarking, which assesses the ability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Zhiwei He , Binglin Zhou , Hongkun Hao , Aiwei Liu , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Zhuosheng Zhang , Rui Wang

To protect the intellectual property of well-trained deep neural networks (DNNs), black-box watermarks, which are embedded into the prediction behavior of DNN models on a set of specially-crafted samples and extracted from suspect models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Yifan Lu , Wenxuan Li , Mi Zhang , Xudong Pan , Min Yang

Recent years have seen a surge in interest in digital content watermarking techniques, driven by the proliferation of generative models and increased legal pressure. With an ever-growing percentage of AI-generated content available online,…

The widespread open-sourcing of advanced recommendation algorithms and the rising threat of model extraction attacks have made safeguarding the intellectual property of recommender systems an imperative task. While watermarking serves as a…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Lei Zhou , Min Gao , Zongwei Wang , Yibing Bai , Wentao Li

The functionality of a deep learning (DL) model can be stolen via model extraction where an attacker obtains a surrogate model by utilizing the responses from a prediction API of the original model. In this work, we propose a novel…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-07-28 Abhishek Chakraborty , Daniel Xing , Yuntao Liu , Ankur Srivastava

Embedding as a Service (EaaS) has become a widely adopted solution, which offers feature extraction capabilities for addressing various downstream tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Prior studies have shown that EaaS can be prone…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-11 Anudeex Shetty , Yue Teng , Ke He , Qiongkai Xu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) deployed in a cloud often allow users to query models via the APIs. However, these APIs expose the models to model extraction attacks (MEAs). In this attack, the attacker attempts to duplicate the target model by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Satoru Koda , Ikuya Morikawa

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in various applications, including text generation and complex tasks. However, the misuse of LLMs raises concerns about the authenticity and ethical implications of the content they produce, such as…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Zesen Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Xinlei He , Qi Li

In a data-driven world, datasets constitute a significant economic value. Dataset owners who spend time and money to collect and curate the data are incentivized to ensure that their datasets are not used in ways that they did not…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-02-28 Buse Gul Atli Tekgul , N. Asokan

We present SWaRL, a robust and fidelity-preserving watermarking framework designed to protect the intellectual property of code LLMs by embedding unique and verifiable signatures in the generated program. Existing watermarking approaches…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Neusha Javidnia , Ruisi Zhang , Ashish Kundu , Farinaz Koushanfar

Watermarking has become the tendency in protecting the intellectual property of DNN models. Recent works, from the adversary's perspective, attempted to subvert watermarking mechanisms by designing watermark removal attacks. However, these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-05-18 Shangwei Guo , Tianwei Zhang , Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Tao Xiang , Yang Liu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved significant success in real-world applications. However, safeguarding their intellectual property (IP) remains extremely challenging. Existing DNN watermarking for IP protection often require…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Yuzhang Chen , Jiangnan Zhu , Yujie Gu , Minoru Kuribayashi , Kouichi Sakurai

Recommender systems embody significant commercial value and represent crucial intellectual property. However, the integrity of these systems is constantly challenged by malicious actors seeking to steal their underlying models. Safeguarding…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-10-01 Sixiao Zhang , Cheng Long , Wei Yuan , Hongxu Chen , Hongzhi Yin

Ownership verification is currently the most critical and widely adopted post-hoc method to safeguard model copyright. In general, model owners exploit it to identify whether a given suspicious third-party model is stolen from them by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-11 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Yiling He , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren