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Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly require processing long text sequences, but GPU memory limitations force difficult trade-offs between memory capacity and bandwidth. While HBM-based acceleration offers high bandwidth, its capacity…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-25 Qingyuan Liu , Liyan Chen , Yanning Yang , Haocheng Wang , Dong Du , Zhigang Mao , Naifeng Jing , Yubin Xia , Haibo Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become essential in a variety of applications due to their advanced language understanding and generation capabilities. However, their computational and memory requirements pose significant challenges to…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-12-02 Cristobal Ortega , Yann Falevoz , Renaud Ayrignac

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their enormous memory footprints, low arithmetic intensity, and stringent latency requirements, particularly during the autoregressive decoding stage.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Lingkun Long , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Ao Zhou , Xueyan Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

In this paper, we propose PIM-LLM, a hybrid architecture developed to accelerate 1-bit large language models (LLMs). PIM-LLM leverages analog processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures and digital systolic arrays to accelerate low-precision…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Jinendra Malekar , Peyton Chandarana , Md Hasibul Amin , Mohammed E. Elbtity , Ramtin Zand

The rapid development of large language models (LLM) has greatly enhanced everyday applications. While many FPGA-based accelerators, with flexibility for fine-grained data control, exhibit superior speed and energy efficiency compared to…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zifan He , Shengyu Ye , Rui Ma , Yang Wang , Jason Cong

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have achieved huge success in the natural language processing (NLP) field, driving a growing demand to extend their deployment from the cloud to edge devices. However, deploying LLMs on…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-08 Yanbiao Liang , Huihong Shi , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Modern transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) are constructed with a series of decoder blocks. Each block comprises three key components: (1) QKV generation, (2) multi-head attention, and (3) feed-forward networks. In batched…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Guseul Heo , Sangyeop Lee , Jaehong Cho , Hyunmin Choi , Sanghyeon Lee , Hyungkyu Ham , Gwangsun Kim , Divya Mahajan , Jongse Park

Edge deployment of low-batch large language models (LLMs) faces critical memory bandwidth bottlenecks when executing memory-intensive general matrix-vector multiplications (GEMV) operations. While digital processing-in-memory (PIM)…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Ye Lin , Chao Fang , Xiaoyong Song , Qi Wu , Anying Jiang , Yichuan Bai , Li Du

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the Large Language Models (LLMs), have profoundly affected our daily work and communication forms. However, it is still a challenge to deploy LLMs on resource-constrained…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-03-03 Mingqiang Huang , Ao Shen , Kai Li , Haoxiang Peng , Boyu Li , Yupeng Su , Hao Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized AI applications, yet their enormous computational demands severely limit deployment and real-time performance. Quantization methods can help reduce computational costs, however, attaining the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied but face challenges in efficient inference. While quantization methods reduce computational demands, ultra-low bit quantization with arbitrary precision is hindered by limited GPU Tensor…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Shaobo Ma , Chao Fang , Haikuo Shao , Zhongfeng Wang

In spite of the great potential of large language models (LLMs) across various tasks, their deployment on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to their excessive computational and memory demands. Quantization has emerged as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Hao Mark Chen , Fuwen Tan , Alexandros Kouris , Royson Lee , Hongxiang Fan , Stylianos I. Venieris

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

The increase in open-source availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled users to deploy them on more and more resource-constrained edge devices to reduce reliance on network connections and provide more privacy. However, the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-08-02 Jude Haris , Rappy Saha , Wenhao Hu , José Cano

The growing demand for deploying Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices, including laptops, smartphones, and embedded platforms, has exposed fundamental inefficiencies in existing accelerators. While GPUs handle prefill workloads…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Jinane Bazzi , Mariam Rakka , Fadi Kurdahi , Mohammed E. Fouda , Ahmed Eltawil

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) is an effective technique for compressing large language models (LLMs). However, while uniform-precision quantization is computationally efficient, it often compromises model performance. To address this, we…

Accelerating end-to-end inference of transformer-based large language models (LLMs) is a critical component of AI services in datacenters. However, diverse compute characteristics of end-to-end LLM inference present challenges as previously…

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