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Federated learning (FL) enables collaboratively training deep learning models on decentralized data. However, there are three types of heterogeneities in FL setting bringing about distinctive challenges to the canonical federated learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-18 Tao Shen , Jie Zhang , Xinkang Jia , Fengda Zhang , Gang Huang , Pan Zhou , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Chao Wu

Large language models (LLMs) operate in two fundamental learning modes - fine-tuning (FT) and in-context learning (ICL) - raising key questions about which mode yields greater language proficiency and whether they differ in their inductive…

Large Language Models (LLMs) herald a transformative era in artificial intelligence (AI). However, the expansive scale of data and parameters of LLMs requires high-demand computational and memory resources, restricting their accessibility…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Shengwen Ding , Chenhui Hu

In-context learning (ICL), teaching a large language model (LLM) to perform a task with few-shot demonstrations rather than adjusting the model parameters, has emerged as a strong paradigm for using LLMs. While early studies primarily used…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-24 Man Luo , Xin Xu , Zhuyun Dai , Panupong Pasupat , Mehran Kazemi , Chitta Baral , Vaiva Imbrasaite , Vincent Y Zhao

Implicit in-context learning (ICL) has newly emerged as a promising paradigm that simulates ICL behaviors in the representation space of Large Language Models (LLMs), aiming to attain few-shot performance at zero-shot cost. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Jiaqian Li , Yanshu Li , Ligong Han , Ruixiang Tang , Wenya Wang

Learning paradigms for large language models (LLMs) currently tend to fall within either in-context learning (ICL) or full fine-tuning. Each of these comes with their own trade-offs based on available data, model size, compute cost,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-13 Xinyi Wang , John Wieting , Jonathan H. Clark

In-context learning (ICL) facilitates Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting emergent ability on downstream tasks without updating billions of parameters. However, in the area of multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), two problems…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Jun Gao , Qian Qiao , Ziqiang Cao , Zili Wang , Wenjie Li

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that allows decentralized clients to learn collaboratively without sharing their private data. However, excessive computation and communication demands pose challenges to current FL…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-09-22 Yue Tan , Guodong Long , Jie Ma , Lu Liu , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Jiang

In-context learning (ICL) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to learn tasks from demonstration examples without parameter updates. Although it has been extensively studied in LLMs, its effectiveness in Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Gabriel O. dos Santos , Esther Colombini , Sandra Avila

In-Context Learning (ICL) enables transformer-based language models to adapt to new tasks by conditioning on demonstration examples. However, traditional example-driven in-context learning lacks explicit modules for knowledge retrieval and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Pan Chen , Shaohong Chen , Mark Wang , Shi Xuan Leong , Priscilla Fung , Varinia Bernales , Alan Aspuru-Guzik

Federated Learning (FL) is a very promising approach for improving decentralized Machine Learning (ML) models by exchanging knowledge between participating clients without revealing private data. Nevertheless, FL is still not tailored to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-05-15 Thomas Hiessl , Daniel Schall , Jana Kemnitz , Stefan Schulte

Federated Continual Learning (FCL) has emerged as a robust solution for collaborative model training in dynamic environments, where data samples are continuously generated and distributed across multiple devices. This survey provides a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Parisa Hamedi , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Ehsan Hallaji

In-context learning (ICL) enhances the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by prepending a few demonstrations. It motivates researchers to introduce more examples to provide additional contextual information for the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jun Gao , Qi Lv , Zili Wang , Tianxiang Wu , Ziqiang Cao , Wenjie Li

As a promising paradigm to collaboratively train models with decentralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can be exploited to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs correspond to huge size, the scale of the training data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Ji Liu , Jiaxiang Ren , Ruoming Jin , Zijie Zhang , Yang Zhou , Patrick Valduriez , Dejing Dou

Data privacy and silos are nontrivial and greatly challenging in many real-world applications. Federated learning is a decentralized approach to training models across multiple local clients without the exchange of raw data from client…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Xin Yang , Hao Yu , Xin Gao , Hao Wang , Junbo Zhang , Tianrui Li

In-context learning (ICL) derives its power from enabling Large Language Models to adapt to new tasks via prompt-based reasoning alone, entirely bypassing the need for parameter updates. Existing theories primarily study ICL in single-task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Guangyu Li , Meng Ding , Lijie Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance on domain-specific tasks remains limited. While methods like retrieval augmented generation and fine-tuning can help to address…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 M. Mehdi Mojarradi , Lingyi Yang , Robert McCraith , Adam Mahdi

Pre-trained large language models have demonstrated a strong ability to learn from context, known as in-context learning (ICL). Despite a surge of recent applications that leverage such capabilities, it is by no means clear, at least…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Bingqing Song , Jiaxiang Li , Rong Wang , Songtao Lu , Mingyi Hong

Large Language Models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks, exhibiting the capacity to swiftly acquire new skills, such as through In-Context Learning (ICL) with minimal demonstration examples. In this work, we…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-26 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple data owners to build machine learning models collaboratively without exposing their private local data. In order for FL to achieve widespread adoption, it is important to balance the need for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Anran Li , Rui Liu , Ming Hu , Yuanyuan Chen , Shipeng Wang , Lizhen Cui , Han Yu