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This report provides a detailed comparison between the Safety and Security measures proposed in the EU AI Act's General-Purpose AI (GPAI) Code of Practice (Third Draft) and the current commitments and practices voluntarily adopted by…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Lily Stelling , Mick Yang , Rokas Gipiškis , Leon Staufer , Ze Shen Chin , Siméon Campos , Ariel Gil , Michael Chen

Large language model (LLM)-based reasoning systems have recently achieved gold medal-level performance in the IMO 2025 competition, writing mathematical proofs where, to receive full credit, each step must be not only correct but also…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Shrey Pandit , Austin Xu , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yifei Ming , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

In cybersecurity, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) serve as a vital defensive layer against adversarial threats. Accurate benchmarking is critical to evaluate and improve IDS effectiveness, yet traditional methodologies face limitations…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Manuel Kern , Florian Skopik , Max Landauer , Edgar Weippl

This study introduces an innovative approach to automating Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) processes in industrial environments by leveraging Microsoft's AI-powered security technologies. Historically, CTI has heavily relied on manual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Shrit Shah , Fatemeh Khoda Parast

During 2024 and 2025 the discussion about the theorem-proving capabilities of large language models started reporting interesting success stories, mostly to do with difficult exercises (such as problems from the International Mathematical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Hieu Le Duc , Leo Liberti

Cybersecurity spans multiple interconnected domains, complicating the development of meaningful, labor-relevant benchmarks. Existing benchmarks assess isolated skills rather than integrated performance. We find that pre-trained knowledge of…

Human uplift studies, or studies that measure the effects of AI access on human performance via randomized controlled trials (RCT) or similar methodologies, increasingly inform frontier AI governance and deployment decisions. While RCT…

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools based on large language models have acheived human-level performance on some computer programming tasks. We report several experiments using GPT-4 to generate computer code. These experiments demonstrate…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-04-27 Russell A Poldrack , Thomas Lu , Gašper Beguš

We introduce HonestCyberEval, a new benchmark for assessing AI models' capabilities and risks in automated software exploitation, focusing on their ability to detect and exploit vulnerabilities in real-world software systems. Our evaluation…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Dan Ristea , Vasilios Mavroudis

In the burgeoning field of artificial intelligence (AI), understanding the capabilities and limitations of programming-oriented models is crucial. This paper presents a novel evaluation of the programming proficiency of Generative…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Zizhuo Zhang , Lian Wen , Shaoyang Zhang , David Chen , Yanfei Jiang

In July 2022, the Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET) at Georgetown University and the Program on Geopolitics, Technology, and Governance at the Stanford Cyber Policy Center convened a workshop of experts to examine the…

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their safe use becomes increasingly critical. Fine-tuning is a widely used method for adapting models to downstream tasks, yet it is vulnerable to jailbreak attacks.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Xiangfang Li , Yu Wang , Bo Li

The International Physics Olympiad (IPhO) is the world's most prestigious and renowned physics competition for pre-university students. IPhO problems require complex reasoning based on deep understanding of physical principles in a standard…

物理教育 · 物理学 2026-03-05 Yichen Huang

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant breakthroughs in automated mathematical reasoning and scientific discovery. Georgiev, G${\'o}$mez-Serrano, Tao, and Wagner [GGSTW+25] demonstrate that AI systems…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Yang Cao , Yubin Chen , Xuyang Guo , Zhao Song , Song Yue , Jiahao Zhang , Jiale Zhao

A key objective in artificial intelligence (AI) development is to create systems that match or surpass human creativity. Although current AI models perform well across diverse creative tasks, it remains unclear whether these achievements…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Man Zhang , Ying Li , Yang Peng , Yijia Sun , Wenxin Guo , Huiqing Hu , Shi Chen , Qingbai Zhao

We explore the evolving efficacy of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in generating answers for multiple-choice questions (MCQ) from introductory and intermediate Python programming courses in higher education. We focus…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-11-17 Jaromir Savelka , Arav Agarwal , Christopher Bogart , Majd Sakr

Self-replication with no human intervention is broadly recognized as one of the principal red lines associated with frontier AI systems. While leading corporations such as OpenAI and Google DeepMind have assessed GPT-o3-mini and Gemini on…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Xudong Pan , Jiarun Dai , Yihe Fan , Minyuan Luo , Changyi Li , Min Yang

The increased adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) presents an opportunity to solve many socio-economic and environmental challenges; however, this cannot happen without securing AI-enabled technologies. In recent years, most AI models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-02-10 Ayodeji Oseni , Nour Moustafa , Helge Janicke , Peng Liu , Zahir Tari , Athanasios Vasilakos

This is the system card published alongside the OpenAI GPT-5 launch, August 2025. GPT-5 is a unified system with a smart and fast model that answers most questions, a deeper reasoning model for harder problems, and a real-time router that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Aaditya Singh , Adam Fry , Adam Perelman , Adam Tart , Adi Ganesh , Ahmed El-Kishky , Aidan McLaughlin , Aiden Low , AJ Ostrow , Akhila Ananthram , Akshay Nathan , Alan Luo , Alec Helyar , Aleksander Madry , Aleksandr Efremov , Aleksandra Spyra , Alex Baker-Whitcomb , Alex Beutel , Alex Karpenko , Alex Makelov , Alex Neitz , Alex Wei , Alexandra Barr , Alexandre Kirchmeyer , Alexey Ivanov , Alexi Christakis , Alistair Gillespie , Allison Tam , Ally Bennett , Alvin Wan , Alyssa Huang , Amy McDonald Sandjideh , Amy Yang , Ananya Kumar , Andre Saraiva , Andrea Vallone , Andrei Gheorghe , Andres Garcia Garcia , Andrew Braunstein , Andrew Liu , Andrew Schmidt , Andrey Mereskin , Andrey Mishchenko , Andy Applebaum , Andy Rogerson , Ann Rajan , Annie Wei , Anoop Kotha , Anubha Srivastava , Anushree Agrawal , Arun Vijayvergiya , Ashley Tyra , Ashvin Nair , Avi Nayak , Ben Eggers , Bessie Ji , Beth Hoover , Bill Chen , Blair Chen , Boaz Barak , Borys Minaiev , Botao Hao , Bowen Baker , Brad Lightcap , Brandon McKinzie , Brandon Wang , Brendan Quinn , Brian Fioca , Brian Hsu , Brian Yang , Brian Yu , Brian Zhang , Brittany Brenner , Callie Riggins Zetino , Cameron Raymond , Camillo Lugaresi , Carolina Paz , Cary Hudson , Cedric Whitney , Chak Li , Charles Chen , Charlotte Cole , Chelsea Voss , Chen Ding , Chen Shen , Chengdu Huang , Chris Colby , Chris Hallacy , Chris Koch , Chris Lu , Christina Kaplan , Christina Kim , CJ Minott-Henriques , Cliff Frey , Cody Yu , Coley Czarnecki , Colin Reid , Colin Wei , Cory Decareaux , Cristina Scheau , Cyril Zhang , Cyrus Forbes , Da Tang , Dakota Goldberg , Dan Roberts , Dana Palmie , Daniel Kappler , Daniel Levine , Daniel Wright , Dave Leo , David Lin , David Robinson , Declan Grabb , Derek Chen , Derek Lim , Derek Salama , Dibya Bhattacharjee , Dimitris Tsipras , Dinghua Li , Dingli Yu , DJ Strouse , Drew Williams , Dylan Hunn , Ed Bayes , Edwin Arbus , Ekin Akyurek , Elaine Ya Le , Elana Widmann , Eli Yani , Elizabeth Proehl , Enis Sert , Enoch Cheung , Eri Schwartz , Eric Han , Eric Jiang , Eric Mitchell , Eric Sigler , Eric Wallace , Erik Ritter , Erin Kavanaugh , Evan Mays , Evgenii Nikishin , Fangyuan Li , Felipe Petroski Such , Filipe de Avila Belbute Peres , Filippo Raso , Florent Bekerman , Foivos Tsimpourlas , Fotis Chantzis , Francis Song , Francis Zhang , Gaby Raila , Garrett McGrath , Gary Briggs , Gary Yang , Giambattista Parascandolo , Gildas Chabot , Grace Kim , Grace Zhao , Gregory Valiant , Guillaume Leclerc , Hadi Salman , Hanson Wang , Hao Sheng , Haoming Jiang , Haoyu Wang , Haozhun Jin , Harshit Sikchi , Heather Schmidt , Henry Aspegren , Honglin Chen , Huida Qiu , Hunter Lightman , Ian Covert , Ian Kivlichan , Ian Silber , Ian Sohl , Ibrahim Hammoud , Ignasi Clavera , Ikai Lan , Ilge Akkaya , Ilya Kostrikov , Irina Kofman , Isak Etinger , Ishaan Singal , Jackie Hehir , Jacob Huh , Jacqueline Pan , Jake Wilczynski , Jakub Pachocki , James Lee , James Quinn , Jamie Kiros , Janvi Kalra , Jasmyn Samaroo , Jason Wang , Jason Wolfe , Jay Chen , Jay Wang , Jean Harb , Jeffrey Han , Jeffrey Wang , Jennifer Zhao , Jeremy Chen , Jerene Yang , Jerry Tworek , Jesse Chand , Jessica Landon , Jessica Liang , Ji Lin , Jiancheng Liu , Jianfeng Wang , Jie Tang , Jihan Yin , Joanne Jang , Joel Morris , Joey Flynn , Johannes Ferstad , Johannes Heidecke , John Fishbein , John Hallman , Jonah Grant , Jonathan Chien , Jonathan Gordon , Jongsoo Park , Jordan Liss , Jos Kraaijeveld , Joseph Guay , Joseph Mo , Josh Lawson , Josh McGrath , Joshua Vendrow , Joy Jiao , Julian Lee , Julie Steele , Julie Wang , Junhua Mao , Kai Chen , Kai Hayashi , Kai Xiao , Kamyar Salahi , Kan Wu , Karan Sekhri , Karan Sharma , Karan Singhal , Karen Li , Kenny Nguyen , Keren Gu-Lemberg , Kevin King , Kevin Liu , Kevin Stone , Kevin Yu , Kristen Ying , Kristian Georgiev , Kristie Lim , Kushal Tirumala , Kyle Miller , Lama Ahmad , Larry Lv , Laura Clare , Laurance Fauconnet , Lauren Itow , Lauren Yang , Laurentia Romaniuk , Leah Anise , Lee Byron , Leher Pathak , Leon Maksin , Leyan Lo , Leyton Ho , Li Jing , Liang Wu , Liang Xiong , Lien Mamitsuka , Lin Yang , Lindsay McCallum , Lindsey Held , Liz Bourgeois , Logan Engstrom , Lorenz Kuhn , Louis Feuvrier , Lu Zhang , Lucas Switzer , Lukas Kondraciuk , Lukasz Kaiser , Manas Joglekar , Mandeep Singh , Mandip Shah , Manuka Stratta , Marcus Williams , Mark Chen , Mark Sun , Marselus Cayton , Martin Li , Marvin Zhang , Marwan Aljubeh , Matt Nichols , Matthew Haines , Max Schwarzer , Mayank Gupta , Meghan Shah , Melody Y. Guan , Melody Huang , Meng Dong , Mengqing Wang , Mia Glaese , Micah Carroll , Michael Lampe , Michael Malek , Michael Sharman , Michael Zhang , Michele Wang , Michelle Pokrass , Mihai Florian , Mikhail Pavlov , Miles Wang , Ming Chen , Mingxuan Wang , Minnia Feng , Mo Bavarian , Molly Lin , Moose Abdool , Mostafa Rohaninejad , Nacho Soto , Natalie Staudacher , Natan LaFontaine , Nathan Marwell , Nelson Liu , Nick Preston , Nick Turley , Nicklas Ansman , Nicole Blades , Nikil Pancha , Nikita Mikhaylin , Niko Felix , Nikunj Handa , Nishant Rai , Nitish Keskar , Noam Brown , Ofir Nachum , Oleg Boiko , Oleg Murk , Olivia Watkins , Oona Gleeson , Pamela Mishkin , Patryk Lesiewicz , Paul Baltescu , Pavel Belov , Peter Zhokhov , Philip Pronin , Phillip Guo , Phoebe Thacker , Qi Liu , Qiming Yuan , Qinghua Liu , Rachel Dias , Rachel Puckett , Rahul Arora , Ravi Teja Mullapudi , Raz Gaon , Reah Miyara , Rennie Song , Rishabh Aggarwal , RJ Marsan , Robel Yemiru , Robert Xiong , Rohan Kshirsagar , Rohan Nuttall , Roman Tsiupa , Ronen Eldan , Rose Wang , Roshan James , Roy Ziv , Rui Shu , Ruslan Nigmatullin , Saachi Jain , Saam Talaie , Sam Altman , Sam Arnesen , Sam Toizer , Sam Toyer , Samuel Miserendino , Sandhini Agarwal , Sarah Yoo , Savannah Heon , Scott Ethersmith , Sean Grove , Sean Taylor , Sebastien Bubeck , Sever Banesiu , Shaokyi Amdo , Shengjia Zhao , Sherwin Wu , Shibani Santurkar , Shiyu Zhao , Shraman Ray Chaudhuri , Shreyas Krishnaswamy , Shuaiqi , Xia , Shuyang Cheng , Shyamal Anadkat , Simón Posada Fishman , Simon Tobin , Siyuan Fu , Somay Jain , Song Mei , Sonya Egoian , Spencer Kim , Spug Golden , SQ Mah , Steph Lin , Stephen Imm , Steve Sharpe , Steve Yadlowsky , Sulman Choudhry , Sungwon Eum , Suvansh Sanjeev , Tabarak Khan , Tal Stramer , Tao Wang , Tao Xin , Tarun Gogineni , Taya Christianson , Ted Sanders , Tejal Patwardhan , Thomas Degry , Thomas Shadwell , Tianfu Fu , Tianshi Gao , Timur Garipov , Tina Sriskandarajah , Toki Sherbakov , Tomek Korbak , Tomer Kaftan , Tomo Hiratsuka , Tongzhou Wang , Tony Song , Tony Zhao , Troy Peterson , Val Kharitonov , Victoria Chernova , Vineet Kosaraju , Vishal Kuo , Vitchyr Pong , Vivek Verma , Vlad Petrov , Wanning Jiang , Weixing Zhang , Wenda Zhou , Wenlei Xie , Wenting Zhan , Wes McCabe , Will DePue , Will Ellsworth , Wulfie Bain , Wyatt Thompson , Xiangning Chen , Xiangyu Qi , Xin Xiang , Xinwei Shi , Yann Dubois , Yaodong Yu , Yara Khakbaz , Yifan Wu , Yilei Qian , Yin Tat Lee , Yinbo Chen , Yizhen Zhang , Yizhong Xiong , Yonglong Tian , Young Cha , Yu Bai , Yu Yang , Yuan Yuan , Yuanzhi Li , Yufeng Zhang , Yuguang Yang , Yujia Jin , Yun Jiang , Yunyun Wang , Yushi Wang , Yutian Liu , Zach Stubenvoll , Zehao Dou , Zheng Wu , Zhigang Wang

In this paper, we study the worst-case frontier risks of releasing gpt-oss. We introduce malicious fine-tuning (MFT), where we attempt to elicit maximum capabilities by fine-tuning gpt-oss to be as capable as possible in two domains:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Eric Wallace , Olivia Watkins , Miles Wang , Kai Chen , Chris Koch