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Memory consumption of the Key-Value (KV) cache represents a major bottleneck for efficient large language model inference. While attention-score-based KV cache pruning shows promise, it faces critical practical limitations: attention scores…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Alessio Devoto , Maximilian Jeblick , Simon Jégou

Large language models face significant computational and memory challenges when processing long contexts. During inference, efficient management of the key-value (KV) cache, which stores intermediate activations for autoregressive…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yuxuan Zhu , Ali Falahati , David H. Yang , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Recently, sharing key-value (KV) cache across layers has been found effective in efficient inference of large language models (LLMs). To systematically investigate different techniques of cross-layer KV sharing, we propose a unified…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 You Wu , Haoyi Wu , Kewei Tu

Distributed prefix caching has become a core technique for efficient LLM serving. However, for long-context requests with high cache hit ratios, retrieving reusable KVCache blocks from remote servers has emerged as a new performance…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Weiye Wang , Chen Chen , Junxue Zhang , Zhusheng Wang , Hui Yuan , Zixuan Guan , Xiaolong Zheng , Qizhen Weng , Yin Chen , Minyi Guo

The scaling of inference computation has unlocked the potential of long-context large language models (LLMs) across diverse settings. For knowledge-intensive tasks, the increased compute is often allocated to incorporate more external…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Aijun Bai , Kai Hui , Rolf Jagerman , Hansi Zeng , Zhen Qin , Dong Wang , Xuanhui Wang , Michael Bendersky

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been able to handle longer and longer contexts. However, a context that is too long may cause intolerant inference latency and GPU memory usage. Existing methods propose mixed-precision…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Wei Tao , Bin Zhang , Xiaoyang Qu , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang

The widespread of Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a significant milestone in generative AI. Nevertheless, the increasing context length and batch size in offline LLM inference escalate the memory requirement of the key-value (KV) cache,…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Xiurui Pan , Endian Li , Qiao Li , Shengwen Liang , Yizhou Shan , Ke Zhou , Yingwei Luo , Xiaolin Wang , Jie Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, achieving unprecedented performance across a variety of applications. However, their increased computational and memory demands present significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Yuhui Xu , Zhanming Jie , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Xudong Lu , Aojun Zhou , Amrita Saha , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter severe memory inefficiencies during long-context inference due to conventional handling of key-value (KV) caches. In this work, we introduce a novel integration of PagedAttention with PyTorch's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Thomas Joshi , Herman Saini , Neil Dhillon , Antoni Viros i Martin , Kaoutar El Maghraoui

LLM serving is increasingly dominated by decode attention, which is a memory-bound operation due to massive KV cache loading from global memory. Meanwhile, real-world workloads exhibit substantial, hierarchical shared prefixes across…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Jinjun Yi , Zhixin Zhao , Yitao Hu , Ke Yan , Weiwei Sun , Hao Wang , Laiping Zhao , Yuhao Zhang , Wenxin Li , Keqiu Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance the performance of large language models (LLMs) by incorporating supplementary retrieved documents, enabling more accurate and context-aware responses. However, integrating these external…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Wenfeng Wang , Xiaofeng Hou , Peng Tang , Hengyi Zhou , Jing Wang , Xinkai Wang , Chao Li , Minyi Guo

Multiple Low-Rank Adapters (Multi-LoRAs) are gaining popularity for task-specific Large Language Model (LLM) applications. For multi-LoRA serving, caching hot KV caches and LoRA adapters in high bandwidth memory of accelerations can improve…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-08 Hang Zhang , Jiuchen Shi , Yixiao Wang , Quan Chen , Yizhou Shan , Minyi Guo

Large language models (LLMs) based on Transformer Decoders have become the preferred choice for conversational generative AI. Despite the overall superiority of the Decoder architecture, the gradually increasing Key-Value (KV) cache during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Luohe Shi , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Guoming Liu , Baoyuan Qi , Hai Zhao

KV cache in autoregressive LLMs eliminates redundant recomputation but has emerged as the dominant memory and bandwidth bottleneck during inference, notably with long contexts and test-time scaling. KV quantization is a key lever for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Ji Zhang , Yiwei Li , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Xinglin Wang , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in scenarios demanding ultra-long context reasoning, such as agentic workflows and deep research understanding. However, long-context inference is constrained by the KV cache, a…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Jianlong Lei , Shashikant Ilager

Large language models (LLMs) often incorporate multiple text chunks in their inputs to provide the necessary contexts. To speed up the prefill of the long LLM inputs, one can pre-compute the KV cache of a text and re-use the KV cache when…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Jiayi Yao , Hanchen Li , Yuhan Liu , Siddhant Ray , Yihua Cheng , Qizheng Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shan Lu , Junchen Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel across a variety of language tasks yet are constrained by limited input lengths and high computational costs. Existing approaches\textemdash such as relative positional encodings (e.g., RoPE, ALiBi) and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Kun-Hui Lee , Eunhwan Park , Donghoon Han , Seung-Hoon Na

In Text-to-SQL tasks, existing LLM-based methods often include extensive database schemas in prompts, leading to long context lengths and increased prefilling latency. While user queries typically focus on recurrent table sets-offering an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Jinbo Su , Yuxuan Hu , Cuiping Li , Hong Chen , Jia Li , Lintao Ma , Jing Zhang

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge, particularly in contexts where computational resources are limited. Traditional attention mechanisms in these models, while powerful, require significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

KV caching is a fundamental technique for accelerating Large Language Model (LLM) inference by reusing key-value (KV) pairs from previous queries, but its effectiveness under limited memory is highly sensitive to the eviction policy. The…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Fangzhou Wu , Sandeep Silwal , Qiuyi , Zhang