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The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

In the complex domain of large language models (LLMs), striking a balance between computational efficiency and maintaining model quality is a formidable challenge. Navigating the inherent limitations of uniform quantization, particularly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-24 Xiaoxia Wu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

With the widespread application of Mixture of Experts (MoE) reasoning models in the field of LLM learning, efficiently serving MoE models under limited GPU memory constraints has emerged as a significant challenge. Offloading the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Songkai Ma , Zhaorui Zhang , Sheng Di , Benben Liu , Xiaodong Yu , Xiaoyi Lu , Dan Wang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model has succeeded in deep learning (DL). However, its complex architecture and advantages over dense models in image classification remain unclear. In previous studies, MoE performance has often been affected…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-13 Bakary Badjie , José Cecílio , António Casimiro

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) is a widely known neural architecture where an ensemble of specialized sub-models optimizes overall performance with a constant computational cost. However, conventional MoEs pose challenges at scale due to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-12 Ted Zadouri , Ahmet Üstün , Arash Ahmadian , Beyza Ermiş , Acyr Locatelli , Sara Hooker

Recent work has shown that 8-bit floating point (FP8) can be used for efficiently training neural networks with reduced computational cost compared to training in FP32/FP16. In this work, we investigate the use of FP8 training in a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Bokun Wang , Axel Berg , Durmus Alp Emre Acar , Chuteng Zhou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable performance by activating large parameter sets sparsely, minimizing computational overhead. To mitigate the prohibitive cost of training MoEs from scratch, recent work employs upcycling,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Qi Wang , Hanyang Peng , Yue Yu

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models with conditional execution of sparsely activated layers have enabled training models with a much larger number of parameters. As a result, these models have achieved significantly better quality on various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Young Jin Kim , Rawn Henry , Raffy Fahim , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the most popular techniques to scale pre-trained models to extraordinarily large sizes. Dynamic activation of experts allows for conditional computation, increasing the number of…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-06-30 Zheng Zhang , Donglin Yang , Yaqi Xia , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiaobo Zhou , Dazhao Cheng

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has become a fundamental building block in state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs), improving domain-specific expertise in LLMs and scaling model capacity without proportionally increasing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Ankit Jyothish , Ali Jannesari , Aishwarya Sarkar , Joseph Zuber

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a practical architecture for scaling LLM capacity while keeping per-token compute modest, but deploying MoE models on a single, memory-limited GPU remains difficult because expert weights dominate the HBM…

性能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Kexin Chu , Dawei Xiang , Zixu Shen , Yiwei Yang , Zecheng Liu , Wei Zhang

We present MegaBlocks, a system for efficient Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training on GPUs. Our system is motivated by the limitations of current frameworks, which restrict the dynamic routing in MoE layers to satisfy the constraints of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-30 Trevor Gale , Deepak Narayanan , Cliff Young , Matei Zaharia

As FMs drive progress toward Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), fine-tuning them under privacy and resource constraints has become increasingly critical particularly when highquality training data resides on distributed edge devices.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Gang Hu , Yinglei Teng , Pengfei Wu , Nan Wang

Mixture-of-Experts large language models (MoE-LLMs) marks a significant step forward of language models, however, they encounter two critical challenges in practice: 1) expert parameters lead to considerable memory consumption and loading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Wei Huang , Yue Liao , Jianhui Liu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Shiming Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu , Xiaojuan Qi

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models face deployment challenges due to their large parameter counts and computational demands. We explore quantization for MoE models and highlight two key insights: 1) linear blocks exhibit varying quantization…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Haojie Duanmu , Xiuhong Li , Zhihang Yuan , Size Zheng , Jiangfei Duan , Xingcheng Zhang , Dahua Lin

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture improves computational efficiency via sparse expert activation, but throughput-oriented inference faces substantial GPU memory pressure due to a significant parameter size and intermediate data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Muyoung Son , Yi Chen , Seungjae Yoo , Soongyu Choi , Joo-Young Kim

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become the dominant architecture for scaling large language models: frontier models routinely decouple total parameters from per-token computation through sparse expert routing. Scaling laws show that under…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Chaitanya Dwivedi , Binxuan Huang , Himanshu Gupta , Pratik Jayarao , Neeraj Varshney , Bing Yin

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures enable trillion-parameter LLMs with sparsely activated experts. Expert parallelism (EP) is a widely adopted MoE training strategy, but it suffers from severe all-to-all communication bottlenecks, which…

The QMoE model provides a practical approach for compression of massive Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models. QMoE offers a solution geared towards memory limitations that often reach terabyte scales, and it has the advantage of working with…

性能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Jack Cashman , Jiaqi Nie