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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in complex multi-agent applications that rely on external function calls. This workload creates severe performance challenges for the KV Cache: spatial contention leads to the eviction…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Zhuohang Bian , Feiyang Wu , Zhuoran Li , Teng Ma , Youwei Zhuo

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) serving systems commonly employ KV-cache compression to reduce memory footprint. However, existing compression methods introduce significant processing overhead and queuing delays, particularly in…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2025-03-12 Jianian Zhu , Hang Wu , Haojie Wang , Yinghui Li , Biao Hou , Ruixuan Li , Jidong Zhai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced unified reasoning over text, images, and videos, but their inference is hindered by the rapid growth of key-value (KV) caches. Each visual input expands into thousands of tokens,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Bowen Zeng , Feiyang Ren , Jun Zhang , Xiaoling Gu , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou , Huan Li

Large Language Model (LLM) inference is increasingly constrained by memory bandwidth, with frequent access to the key-value (KV) cache dominating data movement. While attention sparsity reduces some memory traffic, the relevance of past…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Yunhua Fang , Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Kaoutar El Maghraoui , Naigang Wang , Meng Wang , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-07-23 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Cong Guo , Weiming Hu , Zihan Liu , Feiyang Wu , Yu Feng , Shixuan Sun , Changxu Shao , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized a wide range of domains such as natural language processing, computer vision, and multi-modal tasks due to their ability to comprehend context and perform logical reasoning. However, the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-31 Haoyang Li , Yiming Li , Anxin Tian , Tianhao Tang , Zhanchao Xu , Xuejia Chen , Nicole Hu , Wei Dong , Qing Li , Lei Chen

Key-Value (KV) cache plays a crucial role in accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs) by storing intermediate attention states and avoiding redundant computation during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yuzhen Mao , Qitong Wang , Martin Ester , Ke Li

The Key-Value (KV) cache is integral to efficient autoregressive inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its unbounded growth in stateful multi-turn scenarios presents major challenges. This paper examines the interplay between KV…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Pratik Poudel

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have already achieved remarkable results on long-text tasks, but the limited GPU memory (VRAM) resources struggle to accommodate the linearly growing demand for key-value (KV) cache as the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-21 Shibo Jie , Yehui Tang , Kai Han , Zhi-Hong Deng , Jing Han

Modern large language models (LLMs) extend context lengths to millions of tokens, enabling coherent, personalized responses grounded in long conversational history. However, the Key-Value (KV) cache grows linearly with the extended dialogue…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Minsoo Kim , Arnav Kundu , Han-Byul Kim , Richa Dixit , Minsik Cho

The key-value (KV) cache is a foundational optimization in Transformer-based large language models (LLMs), eliminating redundant recomputation of past token representations during autoregressive generation. However, its memory footprint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yichun Xu , Navjot K. Khaira , Tejinder Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks, necessitate substantial GPU memory and consume significant computational resources. Beyond the memory taken up by model weights, the memory…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Jincheng Dai , Zhuowei Huang , Haiyun Jiang , Chen Chen , Deng Cai , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

The linear memory growth of the KV cache poses a significant bottleneck for LLM inference in long-context tasks. Existing static compression methods often fail to preserve globally important information. Although recent dynamic retrieval…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Zhiyuan Shi , Qibo Qiu , Feng Xue , Zhonglin Jiang , Li Yu , Jian Jiang , Xiaofei He , Wenxiao Wang

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

KV cache has traditionally been stored in GPU memory to accelerate the decoding phase of large language model (LLM) inference. However, it is increasingly necessary to move KV caches outside GPU devices, to enable cache reuse across…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across a versatile set of tasks. A key challenge in accelerating VLMs is storing and accessing the large Key-Value (KV) cache that encodes long visual contexts, such as…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Dezhan Tu , Danylo Vashchilenko , Yuzhe Lu , Panpan Xu

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Recent advancements in Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable reasoning capabilities and proficiency in generalization. However, processing a large number of visual tokens and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Kai Huang , Hao Zou , Bochen Wang , Ye Xi , Zhen Xie , Hao Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter severe memory inefficiencies during long-context inference due to conventional handling of key-value (KV) caches. In this work, we introduce a novel integration of PagedAttention with PyTorch's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Thomas Joshi , Herman Saini , Neil Dhillon , Antoni Viros i Martin , Kaoutar El Maghraoui

KV cache management is essential for efficient LLM inference. To maximize utilization, existing inference engines evict finished requests' KV cache if new requests are waiting. This policy breaks for agentic workloads, which interleave LLM…

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