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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures face challenges such as high memory consumption and redundancy in experts. Pruning MoE can reduce network weights while maintaining model performance. Motivated by the recent observation of emergent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Yanyue Xie , Zhi Zhang , Ding Zhou , Cong Xie , Ziang Song , Xin Liu , Yanzhi Wang , Xue Lin , An Xu

In deep learning, models typically reuse the same parameters for all inputs. Mixture of Experts (MoE) defies this and instead selects different parameters for each incoming example. The result is a sparsely-activated model -- with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-20 William Fedus , Barret Zoph , Noam Shazeer

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models can scale parameter capacity by routing each token to a subset of experts through a learned gate function. While conditional routing reduces training costs, it shifts the burden on inference memory: expert…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Rana Shahout , Colin Cai , Yilun Du , Minlan Yu , Michael Mitzenmacher

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers increase model capacity by activating only a small subset of experts per token, and typically rely on a learned router to map hidden states to expert assignments. In this work, we ask whether a dedicated…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Jama Hussein Mohamud , Drew Wagner , Mirco Ravanelli

Mixture-of-Experts large language models (MoE-LLMs) marks a significant step forward of language models, however, they encounter two critical challenges in practice: 1) expert parameters lead to considerable memory consumption and loading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Wei Huang , Yue Liao , Jianhui Liu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Shiming Zhang , Hongsheng Li , Si Liu , Xiaojuan Qi

Medical imaging data is inherently heterogeneous across different modalities and clinical centers, posing unique challenges for developing generalizable foundation models. Conventional entails training distinct models per dataset or using a…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-05-16 Yufeng Jiang , Yiqing Shen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) approaches have recently gained traction in robotics applications due to their ability to dynamically allocate computational resources and specialize sub-networks for distinct tasks or environmental contexts,…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-02-18 Dmytro Kuzmenko , Nadiya Shvai

We model Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) token routing as a congestion game with a single effective parameter, the congestion coefficient gamma_eff, that quantifies the balance-quality tradeoff. Tracking gamma_eff across training checkpoints of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Charafeddine Mouzouni

This paper uses classical high-rate quantization theory to provide new insights into mixture-of-experts (MoE) models for regression tasks. Our MoE is defined by a segmentation of the input space to regions, each with a single-parameter…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yehuda Dar

In recent years, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the capacity of deep neural network (DNN) with sub-linear computational costs. However, storing all experts on GPUs incurs significant memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Suraiya Tairin , Shohaib Mahmud , Haiying Shen , Anand Iyer

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures leverage sparse activation to enhance the scalability of large language models (LLMs), making them suitable for deployment in resource-constrained edge networks. However, the sheer number of experts…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Qian Chen , Xianhao Chen , Kaibin Huang

We study dense and mixture-of-experts (MoE) transformers in a tiny-scale pretraining regime under a shared LLaMA-style decoder training recipe. The sparse model replaces dense feed-forward blocks with Mixtral-style routed experts. Dense…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Abdalrahman Wael

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) shines brightly in large language models (LLMs) and demonstrates outstanding performance in plentiful natural language processing tasks. However, existing methods transforming LLMs from dense to MoE face significant…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-04 Tingfeng Hui , Zhenyu Zhang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Sen Su

The deployment of large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models on edge devices presents significant challenges due to memory constraints. While MoE architectures enable efficient utilization of computational resources by activating only a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Nishant Gavhane , Arush Mehrotra , Rohit Chawla , Peter Proenca

Multi-modal models excel in cross-modal tasks but are computationally expensive due to their billions of parameters. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) offers a solution by adding small trainable components while freezing pre-trained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Sashuai Zhou , Hai Huang , Yan Xia

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising approach to scale up deep learning models due to its significant reduction in computational resources. However, the dynamic nature of MoE leads to load imbalance among experts, severely…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Chenqi Zhao , Wenfei Wu , Linhai Song , Yuchen Xu , Yitao Yuan

In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic expert selection framework for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and model performance by adjusting the number of activated experts based on input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-13 Quzhe Huang , Zhenwei An , Nan Zhuang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Songfang Huang , Yansong Feng

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture enables the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) to trillions of parameters by activating a sparse subset of weights for each input, maintaining constant computational cost during inference.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song

Recent advances in language models have enabled framing molecule generation as sequence modeling. However, existing approaches often rely on single-objective reinforcement learning, limiting their applicability to real-world drug design,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-11 Diego Calanzone , Pierluca D'Oro , Pierre-Luc Bacon