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Reinforcement learning from human feedback usually models preferences using a reward function that does not distinguish between people. We argue that this is unlikely to be a good design choice in contexts with high potential for…

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has become a powerful post-training paradigm for aligning large language models with human preferences. A core challenge in RLHF is constructing accurate reward signals, where the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Ilgee Hong , Changlong Yu , Liang Qiu , Weixiang Yan , Zhenghao Xu , Haoming Jiang , Qingru Zhang , Qin Lu , Xin Liu , Chao Zhang , Tuo Zhao

Reward models (RM) capture the values and preferences of humans and play a central role in Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) to align pretrained large language models (LLMs). Traditionally, training these models relies on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-12 Yifei He , Haoxiang Wang , Ziyan Jiang , Alexandros Papangelis , Han Zhao

Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning large language models (LLM) with human expectations. However, existing RMs struggle to capture the stochastic and uncertain nature of human preferences and fail to assess the reliability of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-13 Xingzhou Lou , Dong Yan , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Junge Zhang

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is commonly employed to tailor models to human preferences, especially to improve the safety of outputs from large language models (LLMs). Traditionally, this method depends on selecting…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Xiaomin Li , Mingye Gao , Zhiwei Zhang , Jingxuan Fan , Weiyu Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems for Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in knowledge-intensive tasks but face limitations in complex multi-step reasoning. While recent methods have integrated RAG with chain-of-thought…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Zhongxiang Sun , Qipeng Wang , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Jun Xu , Xiao Zhang , Song Yang , Han Li

Deep Reinforcement Learning is widely used for aligning Large Language Models (LLM) with human preference. However, the conventional reward modelling is predominantly dependent on human annotations provided by a select cohort of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Dexun Li , Cong Zhang , Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Pluralistic alignment has emerged as a critical frontier in the development of Large Language Models (LLMs), with reward models (RMs) serving as a central mechanism for capturing diverse human values. While benchmarks for general response…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Qiyao Ma , Dechen Gao , Rui Cai , Boqi Zhao , Hanchu Zhou , Junshan Zhang , Zhe Zhao

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to hallucination, especially during multi-hop and reasoning-intensive tasks such as mathematical problem solving. While Outcome Reward Models verify only final answers, Process Reward Models (PRMs)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Tej Deep Pala , Panshul Sharma , Amir Zadeh , Chuan Li , Soujanya Poria

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a crucial technology for aligning language models with human values and intentions, enabling models to produce more helpful and harmless responses. Reward models are trained as…

RLHF has emerged as a predominant approach for aligning artificial intelligence systems with human preferences, demonstrating exceptional and measurable efficacy in instruction following tasks; however, it exhibits insufficient compliance…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Ruopei Sun , Jianfeng Cai , Jinhua Zhu , Kangwen Zhao , Dongyun Xue , Wengang Zhou , Li Li , Houqiang Li

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is essential for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values. However, RLHF is susceptible to \emph{reward hacking}, where the agent exploits flaws in the reward function rather…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Jiayi Fu , Xuandong Zhao , Chengyuan Yao , Heng Wang , Qi Han , Yanghua Xiao

Reward models (RMs) have become essential for aligning large language models (LLMs), serving as scalable proxies for human evaluation in both training and inference. However, existing RMs struggle on knowledge-intensive and long-form tasks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Ziyou Hu , Zhengliang Shi , Minghang Zhu , Haitao Li , Teng Sun , Pengjie Ren , Suzan Verberne , Zhaochun Ren

Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback by serving as proxies for human preferences in aligning large language models. However, they suffer from various biases which could lead to reward…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Xiao Zhu , Chenmien Tan , Pinzhen Chen , Rico Sennrich , Huiming Wang , Yanlin Zhang , Hanxu Hu

Reward models are central to both reinforcement learning (RL) with language models and inference-time verification. However, existing reward models often lack temporal consistency, leading to ineffective policy updates and unstable RL…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Dan Zhang , Min Cai , Jonathan Light , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Jie Tang

Process reward models (PRMs) have shown success in complex reasoning tasks for large language models (LLMs). However, their application to machine translation (MT) remains underexplored due to the lack of systematic methodologies and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Zhaopeng Feng , Jiahan Ren , Jiayuan Su , Jiamei Zheng , Hongwei Wang , Zuozhu Liu

Reward Models (RMs) are critical components in the Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) pipeline, directly determining the alignment quality of Large Language Models (LLMs). Recently, Generative Reward Models (GRMs) have…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Kai Qin , Liangxin Liu , Yu Liang , Longzheng Wang , Yan Wang , Yueyang Zhang , Long Xia , Zhiyuan Sun , Houde Liu , Daiting Shi

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a powerful paradigm for aligning foundation models to human values and preferences. However, current RLHF techniques cannot account for the naturally occurring differences in individual…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Sriyash Poddar , Yanming Wan , Hamish Ivison , Abhishek Gupta , Natasha Jaques

Inference-time alignment methods have gained significant attention for their efficiency and effectiveness in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, existing dominant approaches using reward-guided search…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Bin Xie , Bingbing Xu , Yige Yuan , Shengmao Zhu , Huawei Shen

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a critical technique for training large language models. However, conventional reward models based on the Bradley-Terry model (BTRM) often suffer from overconfidence when faced with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Wangtao Sun , Xiang Cheng , Xing Yu , Haotian Xu , Zhao Yang , Shizhu He , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu