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Machine learning models can greatly improve the search for strong gravitational lenses in imaging surveys by reducing the amount of human inspection required. In this work, we test the performance of supervised, semi-supervised, and…

Efficient algorithms are being developed to search for strong gravitational lens systems owing to increasing large imaging surveys. Neural networks have been successfully used to discover galaxy-scale lens systems in imaging surveys such as…

We conduct a search for strong gravitational lenses in the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 6 imaging data. We implement a pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) for our machine learning (ML) architecture and adopt Interactive Machine Learning…

Strong Lensing is a powerful probe of the matter distribution in galaxies and clusters and a relevant tool for cosmography. Analyses of strong gravitational lenses with Deep Learning have become a popular approach due to these astronomical…

In the search for the nature of dark energy most cosmological probes measure simple functions of the expansion rate. While powerful, these all involve roughly the same dependence on the dark energy equation of state parameters, with…

Large scale imaging surveys will increase the number of galaxy-scale strong lensing candidates by maybe three orders of magnitudes beyond the number known today. Finding these rare objects will require picking them out of at least tens of…

We have conducted a search for new strong gravitational lensing systems in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys' Data Release 8. We use deep residual neural networks, building on previous work presented in Huang…

Galaxy-scale strong gravitational lensing is not only a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution of massive galaxies, but can also provide valuable cosmological constraints, either by studying the population of strong lenses or by…

We performed a search for strong lens galaxy-scale systems in the first data release of the Dark Energy Survey (DES), from a color-selected parent sample of 18~745~029 Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs). Our search was based on a Convolutional…

We consider a machine learning algorithm to detect and identify strong gravitational lenses on sky images. First, we simulate different artificial but very close to reality images of galaxies, stars and strong lenses, using six different…

We employ self-supervised representation learning to distill information from 76 million galaxy images from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Surveys' Data Release 9. Targeting the identification of new strong…

We describe the observation and confirmation of \nbconfirmtext\ new strong gravitational lenses discovered in Year 1 data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We created candidate lists based on a) galaxy group and cluster samples and b)…

Strong gravitational lenses allow us to peer into the farthest reaches of space by bending the light from a background object around a massive object in the foreground. Unfortunately, these lenses are extremely rare, and manually finding…

We investigate the ability of human 'expert' classifiers to identify strong gravitational lens candidates in Dark Energy Survey like imaging. We recruited a total of 55 people that completed more than 25$\%$ of the project. During the…

Searches and analyses of strong gravitational lenses are challenging due to the rarity and image complexity of these astronomical objects. Next-generation surveys (both ground- and space-based) will provide more opportunities to derive…

Forthcoming large imaging surveys such as Euclid and the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time are expected to find more than $10^5$ strong gravitational lens systems, including many rare and exotic populations such as…

Various galaxy merger detection methods have been applied to diverse datasets. However, it is difficult to understand how they compare. We aim to benchmark the relative performance of machine learning (ML) merger detection methods. We…

We perform a semi-automated search for strong gravitational lensing systems in the 9,000 deg$^2$ Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECaLS), part of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys (Dey et al.). The combination of the depth and breadth of…

Strong gravitational lenses are a rare and instructive type of astronomical object. Identification has long relied on serendipity, but different strategies -- such as mixed spectroscopy of multiple galaxies along the line of sight, machine…

We have conducted a search for strong gravitational lensing systems in the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Legacy Imaging Surveys Data Release 9. This is the third paper in a series. These surveys together cover $\sim$19,000…