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相关论文: CLIN-LLM: A Safety-Constrained Hybrid Framework fo…

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Machine learning (ML) holds great promise for clinical applications but is often hindered by limited access to high-quality data due to privacy concerns, high costs, and long timelines associated with clinical trials. While large language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Zerui Xu , Fang Wu , Yingzhou Lu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yue Zhao

Large language models (LLMs), including zero-shot and few-shot paradigms, have shown promising capabilities in clinical text generation. However, real-world applications face two key challenges: (1) patient data is highly unstructured,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Garapati Keerthana , Manik Gupta

The increasing complexity of clinical decision-making, alongside the rapid expansion of electronic health records (EHR), presents both opportunities and challenges for delivering data-informed care. This paper proposes a clinical decision…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Leon Garza , Anantaa Kotal , Michael A. Grasso , Emre Umucu

Patient-trial matching requires reasoning over long, heterogeneous electronic health records (EHRs) and complex eligibility criteria, posing significant challenges for scalability, generalization, and computational efficiency. Existing…

Despite strong performance in medical question-answering, the clinical adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critically hampered by their opaque 'black-box' reasoning, limiting clinician trust. This challenge is compounded by the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Chao Ding , Mouxiao Bian , Pengcheng Chen , Hongliang Zhang , Tianbin Li , Lihao Liu , Jiayuan Chen , Zhuoran Li , Yabei Zhong , Yongqi Liu , Haiqing Huang , Dongming Shan , Junjun He , Jie Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for clinical decision support, where hallucinations and unsafe suggestions may pose direct risks to patient safety. These risks are hard to assess: subtle clinical errors are often missed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Yinzhu Chen , Abdine Maiga , Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz

The escalating volume of collected healthcare textual data presents a unique challenge for automated Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC), which is primarily due to the scarcity of annotated texts for training and their nuanced nature.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam

Access to real-world medical data is often restricted due to privacy regulations, posing a significant barrier to the advancement of healthcare research. Synthetic data offers a promising alternative; however, generating realistic,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Arshia Ilaty , Hossein Shirazi , Hajar Homayouni

Accurate interpretation of pediatric dental clinical records and safe antibiotic prescribing remain persistent challenges in dental informatics. Traditional rule-based clinical decision support systems struggle with unstructured dental…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-11 Zihan Han , Junyan Ge , Caifeng Li

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into clinical decision support is critically obstructed by their opaque and often unreliable reasoning. In the high-stakes domain of healthcare, correct answers alone are insufficient;…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Chen Zhan , Xiaoyu Tan , Gengchen Ma , Yu-Jie Xiong , Xiaoyan Jiang , Xihe Qiu

Matching patients to clinical trial options is critical for identifying novel treatments, especially in oncology. However, manual matching is labor-intensive and error-prone, leading to recruitment delays. Pipelines incorporating large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Braxton A. Morrison , Madhumita Sushil , Jacob S. Young

Clinical natural language processing requires methods that can address domain-specific challenges, such as complex medical terminology and clinical contexts. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in this domain. Yet,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Ran Xu , Hejie Cui , Yue Yu , Xuan Kan , Wenqi Shi , Yuchen Zhuang , Wei Jin , Joyce Ho , Carl Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed for clinical decision support including multilingual diagnosis in low-resource settings. However, their reliability, calibration and safety characteristics remain insufficiently…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Danish Ali , Li Xiaojian , Sundas Iqbal , Farrukh Zaidi

Importance: We introduce a novel Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG)-Large Language Model (LLM) framework as a Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) to support safe medication prescription. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of…

Clinical decision support systems require models that are not only highly accurate but also equitable and sensitive to the implications of missed diagnoses. In this study, we introduce a knowledge-guided in-context learning (ICL) framework…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio di Sciascio

Numerous medical systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in diverse healthcare tasks. However, research on their medication safety remains limited due to the lack of real world datasets, constrained…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Jiahao Zhao , Luxin Xu , Minghuan Tan , Lichao Zhang , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in visually interpreting medical time-series data. However, their general-purpose design can limit domain-specific precision, and the proprietary nature of many models poses…

The reuse of historical clinical trial data has significant potential to accelerate medical research and drug development. However, interoperability challenges, particularly with missing medical codes, hinders effective data integration…

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems present new opportunities for autonomous health monitoring in sensor-rich industrial environments. This study explores the potential of LLMs to detect and classify faults directly from sensor data,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medicine. However, their utility in non-generative clinical prediction, often presumed inferior to specialized models, remains under-evaluated, leading to ongoing debate within the…

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