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Natural language generation (NLG) applications have gained great popularity due to the powerful deep learning techniques and large training corpus. The deployed NLG models may be stolen or used without authorization, while watermarking has…

多媒体 · 计算机科学 2021-12-13 Tao Xiang , Chunlong Xie , Shangwei Guo , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a transformative leap in artificial intelligence, enabling the comprehension, generation, and nuanced interaction with human language on an unparalleled scale. However, LLMs are increasingly vulnerable…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-06 Nan Wang , Kane Walter , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba

With the advancement of intelligent healthcare, medical pre-trained language models (Med-PLMs) have emerged and demonstrated significant effectiveness in downstream medical tasks. While these models are valuable assets, they are vulnerable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Cong Kong , Rui Xu , Weixi Chen , Jiawei Chen , Zhaoxia Yin

The rise of LLMs has increased concerns over source tracing and copyright protection for AIGC, highlighting the need for advanced detection technologies. Passive detection methods usually face high false positives, while active watermarking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Kahim Wong , Jicheng Zhou , Jiantao Zhou , Yain-Whar Si

The impressive performances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their immense potential for commercialization have given rise to serious concerns over the Intellectual Property (IP) of their training data. In particular, the synthetic texts…

We consider the emerging problem of identifying the presence and use of watermarking schemes in widely used, publicly hosted, closed source large language models (LLMs). We introduce a suite of baseline algorithms for identifying watermarks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-31 Leonard Tang , Gavin Uberti , Tom Shlomi

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on skills to package reusable capabilities through instructions, tools, and resources. High-quality skills embed expert knowledge, curated workflows, and execution constraints into agents,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zihan Wang , Rui Zhang , Yu Liu , Chi Liu , Qingchuan Zhao , Hongwei Li , Guowen Xu

How can we protect the intellectual property of trained NLP models? Modern NLP models are prone to stealing by querying and distilling from their publicly exposed APIs. However, existing protection methods such as watermarking only work for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-25 Xuandong Zhao , Lei Li , Yu-Xiang Wang

The study of privacy-preserving Natural Language Processing (NLP) has gained rising attention in recent years. One promising avenue studies the integration of Differential Privacy in NLP, which has brought about innovative methods in a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Stephen Meisenbacher , Maulik Chevli , Florian Matthes

Model watermarking utilizes internal representations to protect the ownership of large language models (LLMs). However, these features inevitably undergo complex distortions during realistic model modifications such as fine-tuning,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Zikang Ding , Junhao Li , Suling Wu , Junchi Yao , Hongbo Liu , Lijie Hu

Obtaining the state of the art performance of deep learning models imposes a high cost to model generators, due to the tedious data preparation and the substantial processing requirements. To protect the model from unauthorized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-11-27 Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Jiaqi Wang , Nils Lukas , Xinda Li , Florian Kerschbaum

Recent advancements of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have seen widespread deployment in multiple security-sensitive domains. The need of resource-intensive training and use of valuable domain-specific training data have made these models a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2021-11-09 Adnan Siraj Rakin , Md Hafizul Islam Chowdhuryy , Fan Yao , Deliang Fan

Large pre-trained language models (PLMs) have proven to be a crucial component of modern natural language processing systems. PLMs typically need to be fine-tuned on task-specific downstream datasets, which makes it hard to claim the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Chenxi Gu , Chengsong Huang , Xiaoqing Zheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Data watermarking in language models injects traceable signals, such as specific token sequences or stylistic patterns, into copyrighted text, allowing copyright holders to track and verify training data ownership. Previous data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Xinyue Cui , Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Swabha Swayamdipta , Robin Jia

Watermarking has been widely adopted for protecting the intellectual property (IP) of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to defend the unauthorized distribution. Unfortunately, the popular data-poisoning DNN watermarking scheme relies on target…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-10-18 Run Wang , Jixing Ren , Boheng Li , Tianyi She , Chenhao Lin , Liming Fang , Jing Chen , Chao Shen , Lina Wang

Securing digital text is becoming increasingly relevant due to the widespread use of large language models. Individuals' fear of losing control over data when it is being used to train such machine learning models or when distinguishing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Malte Hellmeier

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly sophisticated, they raise significant security concerns, including the creation of fake news and academic misuse. Most detectors for identifying model-generated text are limited by their…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Speech Language Models (SLMs) enable natural interactions via spoken instructions, which more effectively capture user intent by detecting nuances in speech. The richer speech signal introduces new security risks compared to text-based…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-17 Amirbek Djanibekov , Nurdaulet Mukhituly , Kentaro Inui , Hanan Aldarmaki , Nils Lukas

Local differential privacy (LDP) is a variant of differential privacy (DP) that avoids the need for a trusted central curator, at the cost of a worse trade-off between privacy and utility. The shuffle model is a way to provide greater…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-23 Mireya Jurado , Ramon G. Gonze , Mário S. Alvim , Catuscia Palamidessi

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) on third-party devices requires new ways to protect model intellectual property. While Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) offer a promising solution, their performance limits can lead to a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Abhishek Saini , Haolin Jiang , Hang Liu